nr222 unit 4 health promotion and risks for the preschool-aged child (5/5)

A set of 50 question-and-answer flashcards covering preschooler developmental milestones, health promotion, nutrition, safety, and cognitive stages based on lecture notes.

What is the specific age range for the preschool period?

The preschool period is from ages $3$ to $5$.

How does physical development change during the preschool years compared to cognitive development?

Physical development slows, while cognitive and psychosocial development accelerate.

How frequently should routine well-child examinations occur for a preschooler?

Routine well-child examinations should continue annually.

What is the characteristic gait and posture of a preschooler?

The gait is more graceful with an erect posture and a sturdy physical structure.

What physical change leads to a preschooler appearing more slender?

Elongation of the body results in a more slender appearance.

By what age should walking, running, climbing, and jumping be well established?

By $3$ years old.

At what age are skipping and hopping on one foot typically well developed?

By $4$ years old.

Which gross motor skills can be developed by a child by the age of 5?

Skipping on alternating feet, jumping rope, skating, and swimming.

What is the average daily calorie intake recommended for a preschooler?

The average daily calorie intake is $1800$ calories.

What is the recommendation for portion sizes for preschoolers to prevent obesity?

Portion sizes should be about half of an adult portion.

How many healthy meals per day are recommended for preschoolers?

Three healthy meals per day are recommended.

How should a caregiver's eating habits influence a preschooler?

Preschoolers tend to imitate behavior, so caregivers should role-model healthy eating.

What is the characteristic style of a preschooler's language understanding?

Understanding is very literal.

What frequent question do preschoolers often ask to explore their sophisticated language?

Preschoolers often ask ‘Why?’

By what age do children typically use telegraphic speech (sentences of 3–4 words)?

By $3–4$ years old.

How many words is the typical vocabulary of a 5-year-old?

More than $2100$ words.

How many words are typically in a sentence formed by a child who is 4–5 years old?

$4$ or more words.

What is associative play in the context of preschool development?

Play that involves playing with other children without structured rules or organization.

Name three common types of play for preschoolers mentioned in the text.

Imaginative play, imitative play, and dramatic play.

What role do imaginary playmates play in a child's development?

They help children distinguish between reality and fantasy.

What is the recommended daily limit for high-quality television programming?

$1$ hour daily.

List four examples of age-appropriate activities for a preschooler.

Large-piece puzzles, pretend and dress-up play, musical toys, and painting, drawing, or coloring.

What is the name of Erikson's psychosocial stage for preschoolers?

Initiative Versus Guilt.

According to Erikson, what causes feelings of guilt in a preschooler?

Overstepping abilities, misbehavior, or perceived wrongdoing.

What happens to the toddler trait of negativism during the preschool years?

Toddler negativism fades, and the child becomes more cooperative.

What is Piaget’s cognitive stage for children aged 2–7?

Preoperational Stage.

What are two key characteristics of thinking in Piaget’s Preoperational Stage?

Thinking is magical and egocentric.

What is meant by ‘magical thinking’ in preschoolers?

Thinking where the child believes their thoughts or words can influence reality.

What is the preschooler's understanding of time?

Time is not well understood and must be linked to events.

Why do preschoolers often develop irrational fears of monsters or ghosts?

These fears develop due to magical thinking.

What should a nurse focus on when disciplining or addressing a child’s misbehavior?

Avoid labeling the child as ‘bad’ and focus on the specific behavior.

What describes a preschooler's awareness of physical characteristics in others?

They recognize desirable and undesirable appearance characteristics and are vulnerable to prejudice and bias.

What is a key focus of vision checks during the preschool years?

Detecting strabismus.

What is the definition of strabismus?

When the eyes do not look in the same direction at the same time.

By what age is diagnosis and treatment of strabismus crucial to prevent amblyopia?

Ideally by age $6$.

What is the common term for amblyopia?

Lazy eye.

What is a contraindication for a child receiving a live virus vaccine?

Being immunocompromised.

Is a minor illness a contraindication for receiving a vaccination?

No, only severe febrile illness is a contraindication.

When can a vaccine reaction typically be expected to occur?

A few hours to days after injection.

What are common expected side effects at the vaccine injection site?

Localized tenderness, redness, and swelling.

What is the leading cause of death in preschoolers?

Unintentional injury.

According to the CDC (2024), what are the most common injuries leading to death in preschoolers?

Motor vehicle accidents, suffocation, drowning, and poisoning.

How do preschoolers perceive their body boundaries due to magical thinking?

Body boundaries are poorly defined; for example, they may fear their ‘insides’ will leak out if skin is impaired.

Which period of childhood includes the largest number of recommended vaccines?

The period from birth to age $6$.

Where is the safest place for a preschooler to sit in a vehicle?

In the back seat.

Until what height should a child remain in a child restraint or booster seat?

$4$ feet $9$ inches tall.

Until what age range is a booster seat generally recommended?

Ages $8–12$.

Regarding safety, what is the shift in focus for preschoolers as they get older?

A shift in focus from protection to education.

What kind of safety training becomes important as the preschooler's world expands?

Pedestrian safety.

What should preschoolers be taught regarding their interaction with strangers?

They must be taught that not all strangers are friendly and safe.