Week 10_AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS

• Benzene (C6H6 ),

was first isolated in 1825 by English chemist Michael Faraday from the oily residues after heating whale oil under pressure to produce gases used to illuminate buildings in London.

Michael Faraday in 1825

Who first isolated benzene, and in what year?

whale oil

was first isolated from the oily residues after heating ___ under pressure to produce gases used to illuminate buildings in London.

Benzene

industrial solvent and gasoline additive

4n + 2

Huckel’s Rule

Benzoic acid

– antimicrobial food additive/antifungal and antibac preservative

-”FUNGISTATIC”

gum benzoin

benzoic acid(C6H5CO2H), a compound obtained by chemical degradation of ———- ,the fragrant balsam exuded by a tree that grows on the island of Java, Indonesia

• Benzene

• Toluene

• Related hydrocarbons

WHAT ARE THE 3 Not particularly pleasant smelling

Joseph Loschmidt 1861

an Austrian chemist, recognized in 1861 that most aromatic substances have formulas that can be derived from benzene by replacing one or more hydrogens by other atoms or groups.

aromatic

WHAT term thus came to mean any compound structurally derived from benzene.

aromatic compounds.

Benzene, C6H6 , is the parent hydrocarbon of the especially stable compounds known as ———-

liquids or solids

All arenes are either at room temperature? None are gases.

insoluble

Aromatic hydrocarbons are WHAT in water?

solvent

Benzene was once widely used as a ——- , but evidence of its carcinogenic properties prompted its replacement by less hazardous solvents.

substitution

WHAT reactions of aromatic compounds involve ——

electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction

The most common reactions of aromatic compounds involve substitution of other atoms or groups for aromatic hydrogen on the aromatic unit, or more precisely called an —————

Lewis acid

WHAT is the CATALYST in Halogenation

• Iodine

• Flourine

• Chlorine

• Bromine

What are the 3 types of halogen involve in Aromatic Hydrocarbons

• Ferric Chloride

• Ferric Bromide

Lewis acid such as

oxidizing agent

Electrophilic iodine (I+ ) is obtained by treating I2 with an —- such as nitric acid.

nitric acid.

HALOGENATION:

Electrophilic iodine (I+ ) is obtained by treating I2 with an oxidizing agent such as?

Sulfuric acid

WHAT is the CATALYSIT in NITRATION

Heat

WHAT is the CATALYSIT in SULFONATION

• Charles Friedel

• James Crafts

WHO involve in Friedel–Crafts Reaction

acyl

Friedel–Crafts acylation places an —— group on a benzene ring

alkyl

Friedel–Crafts alkylation places an —- group on a benzene ring.