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Name and describe the types of coping strategies:
One theory:
Active-cognitive - actively think about the situation to make things better
Active-behavioral - takes some action to improve the situation
Avoidance - keep anxiety provoking situation out of awareness
Another theory:
Problem-focused - good for concrete problems; directed at taking care of the problem; define your problem → generate possible solutions/strategies → choose best strategy and act
Emotion-focused - good when the problem is not solvable; designed to decrease emotional distress
Describe: repressors vs sensitizer and how they cope with stress
we tend to resort to our preferred strategies regardless of the type of stressful event
Repressors - try not to think about the situation; deals with anxiety by avoidance
Sensitizers - finds out as much as possible about the situation as soon as possible
frustration-aggression hypothesis
simple model
only 1 cause of aggression = frustration
only 1 response to frustration = aggression
all aggression is caused by frustration and all frustration leads to aggression
catharsis
catharsis
acting out our aggression to release of tension
stops aggression
frustration-aggression hypothesis: what went into the reformulation of the hypothesis?
Emphasis on unpleasantness rather than frustration
Are we aggressive because a frustrating event is unpleasant?
Helps explain why not all frustration leads to aggression
Leads to aggression to the extent that it is unpleasant
Something can be frustrating but not unpleasant = no aggression
object relations theory
emphasis on early childhood experiences
child develops an unconscious representation of significant objects in their environment
kind of attachment children feel with their parents influences the development attachments with others
attachment theory
Bowlby and Ainsworth
3 types of parent-child relationships (secure, anxious-ambivalent, and avoidant)
different infant-parent relationships have long-term implications for the child’s ability to enter into relationships later on in life
Name and describe Ainsworth’s types of parent-child relationships
Secure - as babies, ur mothe ris attentive and meets your needs, and ur happy and self-confident; as adults, ur more trusting and are confident in ur relationships
Anxious-ambivalent - unresponsive parenting, which increases child's anxiety (they break into tears)
Avoidant - mom is emotionally detached; least likely to fall in love ON EXAM