reading - AP KUB

what are the breathing instructions

expiration

why on expiraiton

to have the diaphragm superior to visualize the abdominal structures better

what are some of the clinical indications of a KUB

ascites, pneumoperitoneum, dynamic or mechanical bowel obstruction. crohns disease, intussusception, volvulus, ileus

what is the SID

100

what is the routine projection of the abdomen

Supine AP Abdomen or KUB

where is the CR

MSP and iliac crests

what are the positioning difficulties

rotation of the pelvis

how do you prevent rotation of the pelvis

checking that ASIS is parallel to eachother

what body habitus might we have issues with

hyposthenic and hypersthenic

how do we overcome a hyposthenic issue

2 portrait, one centered lower to invluide the symphysis pubis and the second centered higher to include upper abdomen and diaphragm

how do we overcome a hypersthenic issue

2 landscape, one lower to include symphysis pubis and the second upper abdomen

KUB

KUB

how do we tell we have proper breathing instructions

sharp gas bubble margins and diaphragms

what are signs of rotation?

asymmetric iliac wings, distorted ischial spines, both obturator foramina is not visible, elongation of the iliac wings

what are the acute abdominal series

1. AP erect abdomen

2. AP supine abdomen

3. Left lateral decubitus — if the patient can’t be put upright

when do we call for acute abdominal series

to diagnose pathologies

why do use a horizontal beam

demonstrate air fluid levels

what is usually tied with AP abdomen? why?

PA CXR, free air or fluid levels

how do we know we have optimal exposure technique

70-80 kVp range, can see PSOAS muscle, outlines of the lower liver border, kidney borders, and ribs and transverse process of the vertebrae