Chapter 1-4: Introduction to Hydrogen Bonding (Video Notes)

Vocabulary flashcards focusing on hydrogen bonding concepts, water structure, polarity, and related atoms (O, N) as discussed in the video notes.

Hydrogen bond

A weak attraction where a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom (usually O or N) forms an interaction with another electronegative atom in a nearby molecule (commonly between water molecules).

Water molecule

A molecule composed of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom (H2O); it is polar, with a partial negative charge on the oxygen and partial positive charges on the hydrogens.

Polarity

A property of a molecule where there is an uneven distribution of electron density, creating regions with partial positive and partial negative charge.

Partial charges

Partial positive charge on hydrogen (δ+) and partial negative charge on oxygen (δ−) in water due to differences in electronegativity.

Electronegativity

The tendency of an atom to attract electrons toward itself; higher for oxygen than hydrogen, contributing to polar covalent bonds.

Oxygen

An electronegative atom in water that carries a partial negative charge and can participate in hydrogen bonding.

Nitrogen

An electronegative atom capable of forming hydrogen bonds (as donor or acceptor) in molecules like ammonia and in water interactions.

Hydrogen bond donor

A hydrogen atom attached to a highly electronegative atom (O or N) that can form a hydrogen bond with another electronegative atom.

Hydrogen bond acceptor

An electronegative atom (O or N) with lone pairs that can accept a hydrogen atom from a donor, facilitating hydrogen bonding.