NCMB 317 PRELIMS

coping mechanism

any effort to decrease the stress response

1. constructive

2. destructive

2 types of coping mechanism

Constructive coping mechanism

a type of coping mechanism which it is tasked
oriented (direct problem solving) or defense oriented
(regulate response to protect oneself)

Destructive coping mechanisms

often cause a mental
health disorder because the person avoids the problem.

Defense mechanism

serve as a coping
mechanism or protective defense. Pattern of behaving or thinking use d by individual to
protect self from threatening aspect s of the environment
and from her/his own feeling of anxiety

1. Protection of self-security

2. Promotion of self-esteem

3. Resolve mental conflict

4. Reduce anxiety

Defense mechanism are used as:

b

Compensation as a defense mechanism involves:
A) Blocking feelings associated with unpleasant experiences
B) Making up for imagined handicaps or deficiencies
C) Transferring emotional conflict into physical symptoms
D) Re-channeling socially unacceptable behavior into acceptable behavior

a

Compromise as a defense mechanism is necessary in many relationships and involves:
A) Reciprocal give and take
B) Excessive reasoning to avoid real feelings
C) Acting out behaviors opposite to what one feels
D) Making up for imagined deficiencies

b

Identification refers to:
A) Blocking off an anxiety-provoking event from the conscious mind
B) Unconscious attempt to change oneself to resemble an admired person
C) Transferring internal feelings onto someone else
D) Returning to an earlier developmental stage

b

Sublimation is the process of:
A) Conscious or voluntary forgetting of unacceptable ideas
B) Re-channeling socially unacceptable behavior into a socially acceptable one
C) Unconscious forgetting of unacceptable thoughts
D) Imaginary gratification by wishful thinking

a

Substitution involves:
A) Taking something in place of the original goal or desire
B) Transferring one's feelings onto someone else
C) Making up for imagined handicaps
D) Blocking feelings associated with unpleasant experiences

a

Conversion as a compensatory defense mechanism involves:
A) Transferring emotional conflict into physical symptoms
B) Releasing anger in a less threatening way
C) Excessive reasoning to avoid real feelings
D) Imaginary gratification by achievements

b

Denial refers to:
A) Blocking off an anxiety-provoking event from the conscious mind
B) Unacceptance of reality
C) Justifying behavior to make unacceptable feelings acceptable
D) Acting out behaviors opposite to what one really feels

c

Displacement involves:
A) Returning to an earlier developmental stage
B) Transferring one's internal feelings to someone else
C) Releasing anger in a least threatening way
D) Unconsciously changing oneself to resemble another person

a

Dissociation is defined as:
A) Blocking off an anxiety-provoking event from the conscious mind
B) Gratification by imaginary achievements
C) Excessive reasoning to avoid real feelings
D) Re-channeling socially unacceptable behavior

b

Fantasy as a defense mechanism is characterized by:
A) Returning to an earlier developmental stage
B) Imaginary gratification by wishful thinking
C) Conscious forgetting of painful ideas
D) Making up for deficiencies

a

Fixation in the context of defense mechanisms means:
A) Psychosocial development ceases to advance
B) Returning to an earlier developmental stage
C) Blocking feelings associated with an unpleasant experience
D) Transferring emotional conflict into physical symptom

b

Intellectualization involves:
A) Transferring one's internal feelings onto someone else
B) Excessive reasoning to avoid real feelings
C) Gratification by imaginary achievements
D) Releasing anger in a less threatening way

a

Introjection as a defense mechanism is:
A) A type of identification where traits of another are incorporated into the self
B) Returning to an earlier developmental stage
C) Conscious forgetting of unacceptable ideas
D) Re-channeling socially unacceptable behavior

a

Isolation refers to:
A) Blocking feelings associated with an unpleasant experience
B) Transferring emotional conflict into physical symptoms
C) Gratification by imaginary achievements
D) Releasing anger in a less threatening way

a

Projection involves:
A) Transferring one's internal feelings

b

Rationalization is defined as:
A) Excessive reasoning to avoid real feelings
B) Justifying one's behavior to make unacceptable feelings and behavior acceptable
C) Blocking off an anxiety-provoking event
D) Returning to an earlier developmental stage

a

Reaction Formation is characterized by:
A) Acting out behaviors opposite to what one really feels
B) Excessive reasoning to avoid real feelings
C) Returning to an earlier developmental stage
D) Transferring emotional conflict into physical symptoms

a

Regression means:
A) Returning to an earlier developmental stage
B) Unconsciously changing oneself to resemble another person
C) Releasing anger in a less threatening way
D) Blocking feelings associated with an unpleasant experience

a

Repression refers to:
A) Involuntary or unconscious forgetting of unacceptable thoughts
B) Conscious forgetting of painful ideas
C) Re-channeling socially unacceptable behavior
D) Justifying one's behavior

a

Suppression is defined as:
A) Conscious or voluntary forgetting of unacceptable ideas

b

Symbolism as a defense mechanism involves:
A) Blocking off an anxiety-provoking event from the conscious mind
B) The conscious use of an idea or object to represent another actual event or object
C) Transferring emotional conflict into physical symptoms
D) Acting out behaviors opposite to what one really feels

a

Undoing is best described as:
A) Engaging in a behavior that is considered opposite of a previous unacceptable behavior

c

John constantly praises his boss despite feeling resentful towards them. This behavior is an example of which defense mechanism?
A) Compensation
B) Sublimation
C) Reaction Formation
D) Undoing

b

Sarah failed an important exam and immediately started daydreaming about becoming a successful business owner instead. This is an example of:
A) Rationalization
B) Fantasy
C) Compensation
D) Sublimation

b

After arguing with his friend

b

Mark habitually blames his coworkers for his own mistakes

a

After being scolded by his boss

a

Emily often speaks about her emotions in a detached

a

After a tough day at work

b

David constantly tells himself that his dream of becoming a professional musician wasn't really important to him after failing an audition. This behavior is an example of:
A) Sweet Lemon Rationalization
B) Sour Graping Rationalization
C) Regression
D) Sublimation

b

After being rejected from a job interview

a

Helen

b

After a serious breakup

b

After a confrontation with his parents

b

After making a rude comment to a friend

b

After experiencing a highly stressful situation at work

a

After witnessing a traumatic accident

a

Despite being an adult

b

Sarah

b

After going through a painful breakup

b

Jane is aware of an embarrassing moment that happened to her at a party but chooses not to think about it

b

After losing a loved one

b

How does the World Health Organization define mental health?
A) The ability to avoid stress
B) A state of well-being where an individual realizes their potential

d

Which of the following is NOT a criterion of mental health?
A) Positive attitude toward self
B) Reality perception
C) Autonomous behavior
D) Lack of personal growth

b

What does a positive attitude toward self involve?
A) Negative self-concept
B) Strong sense of identity and belief in one's ability to rise to challenges
C) Viewing the world pessimistically
D) Inability to cope with stress

b

What does reality perception entail?
A) Being extremely pessimistic
B) Viewing the world neither too pessimistically nor too optimistically
C) Viewing the world unrealistically
D) Avoiding challenges

a

Autonomous behavior refers to:
A) The ability to function independently
B) Dependence on others for decision-making
C) Being unable to manage stress
D) Constantly relying on external validation

a

Which of the following best describes integrative capacity?
A) Ability to handle and manage difficult situations
B) Inability to adapt to changes
C) Struggling with everyday

b

Resilience is defined as:
A) The inability to recover from difficult situations
B) The ability to adjust healthily in difficult situations
C) Ignoring stress
D) Giving up in the face of adversity

a

Hardiness is the ability to:
A) Resist illness even under stress
B) Avoid stressful situations
C) Give up when faced with challenges
D) Deny the existence of problems

c

Self-efficacy is the ability to:
A) Doubt one's potential
B) Fail in specific situations
C) Succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task
D) Give up when tasks are difficult

b

Environmental mastery means:
A) Ignoring changes in circumstances
B) Meeting the demands of situations and adapting to changing circumstances
C) Being unable to cope with environmental changes
D) Avoiding new challenges

c

Which of the following is an example of impaired occupational functioning due to mental illness?
A) Being able to perform daily activities
B) Fulfilling role expectations
C) Inability to work or go to school
D) Successfully managing job responsibilitie

b

Impaired emotional functioning in mental illness can lead to:
A) Effective expression of feelings
B) Suppressing or projecting feelings
C) High levels of satisfaction
D) Developing positive relationships

c

What is a sign of impaired psychological functioning?
A) Rational thinking
B) Effective problem-solving
C) Committing suicide
D) Coping with stress effectivel

c

Which of the following is a sign of impaired social functioning?
A) Developing satisfying relationships
B) Active community involvement
C) Social isolation
D) Strong family ties

b

What role does spirituality play in mental health?
A) Causes distress
B) Involves beliefs about the meaning and purpose of life
C) Has no impact on stress management
D) Leads to ineffective coping

d

Which of the following is NOT a criterion of mental illness?
A) Lack of personal growth
B) Ineffective coping with life events
C) Dissatisfaction with characteristics

b

What is a biological factor that contributes to mental illness?
A) Faulty family interaction
B) Genetic factors
C) Lack of social relationships
D) Povert

b

A poor physical health status is categorized as:
A) A biological factor
B) An individual factor
C) An interpersonal factor
D) An environmental factor

b

What is an example of an interpersonal factor contributing to mental illness?
A) Brain injury
B) Faulty family interaction
C) Prenatal damage
D) Neurotransmitter imbalance

b

Which environmental factor might contribute to the development of mental illness?
A) Genetic predisposition
B) Poverty and homelessness
C) Brain defects
D) Strong family support

c

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing mental illness?
A) A healthy social life
B) Lack of stressful life situations
C) A history of mental illness in a blood relative
D) Positive childhood experiences

c

What are complications sometimes linked to untreated mental illness?
A) Improved immune system
B) Happiness and contentment
C) Social isolation and family conflicts
D) Increased work or school performance

b

What is psychosis characterized by?
A) Effective reality testing
B) Loss of reality testing and psychotic manifestations like hallucinations and delusions
C) Increased personal growth
D) High level of emotional stability

c

Neurosis is defined as:
A) Loss of reality testing
B) Presence of psychotic manifestations
C) A functional mental disorder involving distress without delusions or hallucinations
D) An organic brain disorder

b

Functional mental illnesses are characterized by:
A) Clear-cut etiologic factors
B) Unknown underlying causes
C) Presence of psychosis
D) Effective stress management

c

What characterizes organic mental disorders?
A) Functional mental disorder
B) No known brain involvement
C) Disturbances caused by injury or disease affecting brain tissues
D) Improved cognitive function

d

A negative view of the world is classified as:
A) An individual factor
B) A biological factor
C) An interpersonal factor
D) An environmental factor

c

What does "absence of sense of belongingness" refer to?
A) Biological factor
B) Individual factor
C) Interpersonal factor
D) Environmental factor

c

Who is the founder of psychoanalysis?
a) Carl Jung
b) Erik Erikson
c) Sigmund Freud
d) Harry Stack Sullivan

b

Which level of awareness contains thoughts that are not currently in consciousness but can be easily brought to awareness?
a) Conscious
b) Preconscious
c) Unconscious
d) Subconscious

b

What is the primary focus of Freud's anal stage of psychosexual development?
a) Sucking and biting
b) Toilet training
c) Exploring genital differences
d) Developing social skills

d

What technique involves the therapist asking the patient to say whatever comes to mind without censorship?
a) Dream interpretation
b) Cognitive rehearsal
c) Hypnosis
d) Free association

a

According to Freud

c

What is the focus of the phallic stage in Freud's psychosexual development theory?
a) Oral satisfaction
b) Toilet training
c) Genital exploration
d) Social bonding

b

In Freud's theory

c

What is the name of the technique used to uncover the hidden meaning of dreams?
a) Free association
b) Hypnosis
c) Dream interpretation
d) Cognitive restructuring

c

Which of the following represents a deviation from a well-developed superego?
a) Narcissism
b) Antisocial behavior
c) Guilt-ridden personality
d) Manipulativeness

d

Which stage in Freud's psychosexual development theory is characterized by a focus on academic and social skills?
a) Oral
b) Anal
c) Phallic
d) Latency

d

Who developed the theory of psychosocial development?'
a) Carl Jung
b) Sigmund Freud
c) Harry Stack Sullivan
d) Erik Erikson

d (hope & faith)

In Erikson's psychosocial stages

b

Which Erikson stage focuses on developing a sense of independence and personal control?
a) Trust vs. Mistrust
b) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
c) Initiative vs. Guilt
d) Industry vs. Inferiority

c

What is the central conflict in Erikson's adolescence stage?
a) Trust vs. Mistrust
b) Initiative vs. Guilt
c) Identity vs. Role Confusion
d) Integrity vs. Despair

c

In Erikson's theory

c

During which of Erikson's stages does a person focus on contributing to society and helping the next generation?
a) Trust vs. Mistrust
b) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
c) Generativity vs. Stagnation
d) Integrity vs. Despair

d

Which stage in Erikson's model is associated with reflecting on life and achieving a sense of fulfillment?
a) Industry vs. Inferiority
b) Intimacy vs. Isolation
c) Generativity vs. Stagnation
d) Integrity vs. Despair

d

Who emphasized the role of interpersonal relationships in personality development?
a) Sigmund Freud
b) Erik Erikson
c) Alfred Adler
d) Harry Stack Sullivan

b

According to Sullivan

a

What type of play is typical in Sullivan's toddler stage?
a) Parallel play
b) Solitary play
c) Cooperative play
d) Competitive play

b

In Sullivan's theory

b

What is a key developmental milestone during Sullivan's preadolescence stage (10-12 years)?
a) Toilet training
b) Formation of chum relationships
c) Acquisition of social skills
d) Development of abstract thinking

d

Which theory includes the concepts of introversion and extroversion?
a) Psychoanalysis
b) Psychosocial Development
c) Interpersonal Theory
d) Analytical Psychology

b

What is Alfred Adler best known for in his theory?
a) Development of defense mechanisms
b) Concept of inferiority and superiority complexes
c) Introduction of the Oedipus complex
d) Emphasis on dream analysis