Carbohydrates and Their Functions

This set of flashcards covers the functions, storage types, and structural roles of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides based on biology lecture notes.

What are the two primary functions of monosaccharides?

They act as an energy source and as building blocks for disaccharides and polysaccharides.

Which disaccharides and polysaccharides are monosaccharides building blocks for?

Disaccharides such as maltose and sucrose, and polysaccharides such as starch and glycogen.

What are the carbohydrate components of DNA and RNA?

Nucleotides.

What is the specific storage sugar found in milk?

Lactose.

What is the function of sucrose in the phloem of plants?

Translocation.

What is the storage sugar found in sugarcane?

Sucrose.

In which organisms does starch store glucose as an energy source?

Plants and chlorophytes.

In which organisms does glycogen store glucose as an energy source?

Animals and fungi.

What does inulin store as an energy source and where is it found?

Inulin stores fructose in Dahlia tubers.

Where is cellulose located structurally?

In the cell walls of plants and chlorophytes.

What is the structural role of pectin in plant tissues?

It is found in the middle lamella of plant tissues.

Where is hemicellulose located?

In the cell walls of plants.

What structural polysaccharide is found in the cell walls of prokaryotes?

Peptidoglycan.

What are the two locations where chitin is found?

In the cell walls of fungi and in the exoskeleton of Arthropods.