Animal Science Exam 3 Modules 11, 12, 13

Types of invertebrates

Insects

arthropods

• spiders

• centipedes/ millipedes

• crustaceans

Spiders anatomy

• 8 legs

• 2 body parts

• no wings

• no antennae

Insects anatomy

• 6 legs

• 3 body parts

• wings

• antennae

Cockroaches

• predicted to be last living creature

• omnivores- fruit flies

• gregarious

• dubia roaches - common

• do not like light

Sheep camp

Huntzberg spider, very big

Tarantulas

• Very delicate

• Females live longer than males

  • females eat male after mating

• feed twice weekly

• needs warmth, humidity and water

Cicada

• Crawl out of its old exoskeleton, made of chitin

• this is called molting, and is the only way they can grow

Arthropods

• jointed appendages

• artho - joints or segments

• poda - foot or appendage

• segmented body

Centi and milli

Centi- 100 - 2 legs

millli - 1000 - 4 legs

Tiger centipede

Carnivore, rare, eats millipedes and centipedes

Millipedes diet

eat damp decaying wood, herbivores

Hermit crabs

• gregarious

• need a shell to hide/ live in

• will grow out of it

Tyoes of ornamental fish

• freshwater fish

• brackish water fish

  • salt and fresh

• saltwater fish - tropical

  • most colorful

Temperatures of ornamental fishes

Fresh water fish

• middle

Salt water fish

• hottest

Pond fish

• lowest

Cold water fish

goldfish

• water bowls are torture, frequent poop, invasive species

Sexual Dimorphism

males and females look different

Ornamental marine organisms are from where

Wild- caught, despite so many aquarium fish

Fish food

• flaked food

• freeze-dried food

• frozen food - shrimp, seaweed

• pellets

Loss of nutrients in flaked foods

vitamins are destroyed by the time flakes reach the bottom of the bowl, schedule feed

Artemia

• Larval brine shrimp

• great for smaller fishes needing live prey

Gel diets

created so supplement or medication is given to fishes easily

How to feed fish

feed as much food as fish should eat in 5 minutes, food should sink no deeper than one third of the height of the tank, overfeeding stressed your fish

Lettuce and spinach

use a clothespine to help sink

Fish tank

Where are fishes in the tank

Nitrogen cycle

Arrowana

Produce anti-growth hormone if the fish is too long for tanks

Types of reptiles

• Snakes - carnivores

• lizards - carnivores, herbivores

• chelonians (turtles and tortoises) - carnivores, herbivores, or omnivores

Burmese python

• One of the largest snakes in the world

• Native to asia but were banned; too late already invaded

• In everglades, owners released them and other animals died

• stress = regurgitate

Argentinian black and white tegu lizard

overpopulating

Green iguana

• can spend their whole lives in the same tree

• young - omnivores

• adult - herbivores

Leopard Gecko

• nocturnal

• insectivores

Dermaphagy

• eat skin after molting as mineral source

Savannah monitor

• autotomy

  • after tail comes off never grows back the same

Bearded dragon

• omnivore

• australia

Texas horned lizard

• are (long m word) = ant eating

• camouflage

• can shoot blood from eyelid

Chameleons

• camouflage

• mirror placed in front - turned red - angry

Turtle

• can swim

• prefer water

• omnivores

• shorter lifespan

Tortoise

• land

• live longer

• cannot swim

Pyramiding

• inverse ca: p

• vitamin d3 deficicent

• too much energy and protein

• Galapagos tortoise

Oldest tortoise

• 190+ years old

• jonathan

Reptile environment

• sanitation - bacteria - salmonella

Hot rock

• 85 degrees to activate digestive enzymes - cold blooded

• animal can be shocked if instrument shorts out

Hibernation in reptiles

Reptiles go into hibernation if they become too cold

Metabolic bone disease

• less chin

• vitamin d deficiency

Chameleons UV light

Reptile humidity

• range 40-90%

• green iguana 65-75% misting/ bowl

• moisture critical for ease of shedding and defecation

Dysecdysis

bad shedding usually due to dehydration, lack of humidity, diet

Snake jaws

• do not unhinge

• prey 25% of bw

• some pythons up to 95%

Jacobson’s organ

Chemoreception

• inner ear no outer

• vibration jawbones

Do not leave

• live prey with predator because prey can bite the snake and cause fever

Invertebrates

• no calcium in diets; except night crawler

Field crickets

use great caution due to the strong exoskeleton

Mealworms

high chitin high fat

Complete diets

Best food Mazuri

Dog food for invertebrates

• NO

Iguanas

• hindgut fermenter

• herbivores

• young - 20% animals 80% herbivores

Potential produce issues

• offer variety

• ice berg lettuce is bad

• romaine, leaf is good

Tortoise malnutrition

• potential size decreased

hot snakes

• venomous snakes

• black cobra

• pygmy rattler

King cobra monovalent

hot snake ownders should have avaliable anti-venom if biteen to neutralize antibodies of snake