U.S. Presidential Powers and Structure UNIT III

22nd Amendment

No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice.

25th Amendment

If the President dies or is removed, the Vice President becomes President.

Presidential Succession

The vice president and other officers of the United States federal government assume the powers and duties of the U.S. presidency upon an elected president's death, resignation, removal from office, or incapacity.

Inherent Powers

Powers of a state or branch of government that are not expressly written in a Constitution.

Executive Privilege

Allows members of the Executive Branch, including the President, to withhold information from Congress, the courts, and the American people.

Mandate

A signal that a candidate or party has earned the approval of the population to continue or pursue certain policies.

Impeach

Removal of president.

Executive Order

A directive issued by the President that has the force of law.

Impound

An act by a President of the United States of not spending money that has been appropriated by the U.S. Congress.

Reprieve

Postpones a convicted person's sentence.

Pardon

Forgives or excuses someone of their crime (includes the power of amnesty which pardons a group).

Amnesty

Pardon granted to a group of individuals.

Civilian

All persons who are neither members of state armed forces nor members of an organized armed group.

Treaty

A binding formal agreement, contract, or other written instrument that establishes obligations between two or more subjects of international law.

Executive Agreement

Pacts with the leader of another country that do not require senate approval.

Federal Reserve System

An independent agency: the U.S. central bank, created by the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 to establish a monetary system that could respond effectively to stresses in the banking system.

Council of Economic Advisers

Advises the president on the nation's economy.

Cabinet

made up of people who serve as some of the president's closest advisers.

National Security Advisor

Serves as the principal advisor to the president of the United States on all national security issues.

White House Chief of Staff

The highest-ranking member of the Executive Office of the President of the United States and a senior aide to the President.

Press Secretary

Ensure that the Agency's objectives and achievements are communicated efficiently and effectively to the media.

Ambassador

Actively manage and maintain diplomatic relations between the home country and the host. They engage in political and economic negotiations, promote bilateral cooperation and safeguard the home country's interests in the host country.

Embassy

A group of government officials, headed by an ambassador, who represent their government in a foreign country. Assist American citizens who travel to or live in the host country.

Spoils System

A political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its supporters, friends, and relatives.

Civil Service System

The body of government officials who are employed in civil occupations that are neither political nor judicial.

Public Policy

Is the stated course of action the government takes to address problems or issues. Might include actions the government requires or forbids.

Bureaucrat

The entire complement of agencies and departments that implement laws and make related policy is called the bureaucracy. People who work for these agencies and departments are called this.

Stakeholder

They seek input from private citizens and others who will be affected by potential rules and regulations.