MS: Forearm & Hand BBL Flashcards from notes

100 vocabulary flashcards generated from lecture notes on the forearm and hand, covering bones, joints, muscles, and key anatomical landmarks.

Humerus

The bone of the arm; its proximal end articulates with the scapula and its distal end with the ulna and radius.

Glenohumeral joint

The articulation formed by the humerus and the scapula.

Elbow

The region where the humerus joins with the ulna and radius, containing the humeroulnar and humeroradial joints.

Humeroulnar joint

One of the two joints located at the elbow.

Humeroradial joint

One of the two joints located at the elbow.

Radius

One of the two bones of the forearm, located laterally ("on the thumb side") to the ulna and partially buried in muscle.

Ulna

One of the two bones of the forearm, superficial with a palpable edge extending from the elbow to the wrist.

Pronation

An action of the forearm created by the radius pivoting around the ulna at the radioulnar joints.

Supination

An action of the forearm created by the radius pivoting around the ulna at the radioulnar joints.

Proximal radioulnar joint

A joint involved in the pivoting action of the radius around the ulna for pronation and supination.

Distal radioulnar joint

A joint involved in the pivoting action of the radius around the ulna for pronation and supination.

Carpals

Eight pebble-sized bones of the wrist, forming two rows (proximal and distal).

Metacarpals

Five long bones spanning the palm of the hand.

Phalanges

The bones of the fingers; the thumb has two, and the other fingers have three.

Radiocarpal joint

The wrist joint, formed by the radius and proximal carpals, classified as an ellipsoid joint.

Midcarpal joints

Gliding joints in the wrist that allow for small, shifting movements.

Carpometacarpal joints (2nd-5th)

Gliding joints in the hand that allow for small, shifting movements.

First carpometacarpal joint of the thumb

An ellipsoid-shaped saddle joint that allows for the thumb's unique movements.

Metacarpophalangeal joints

The large "knuckles" of the hand, classified as ellipsoid joints.

Interphalangeal joints

The joints within the fingers, classified as hinge joints.

Olecranon process

The large, superficial knob at the proximal end of the ulna that forms the "point" of the elbow.

Olecranon fossa

A large cavity on the posterior, distal end of the humerus designed to accommodate the olecranon process when the elbow is extended.

Medial epicondyle

A large, superficial, spherical protrusion on the distal humerus, directly medial from the olecranon process, accommodating wrist and finger flexor tendons.

Lateral epicondyle

A smaller protrusion on the distal humerus, lateral to the olecranon process, serving as an attachment site for wrist and finger extensor tendons.

Ulnar nerve

A nerve that courses between the medial epicondyle and the olecranon process, creating the "funny bone" sensation when struck.

Supracondylar ridges of the humerus

Two ridges extending proximally from the epicondyles, serving as attachment sites for forearm muscles.

Shaft of the Ulna

The long, straight portion of the ulna that extends from the olecranon process to the head of the ulna.

Head of the Ulna

The bulbous distal end of the ulna, visible as a superficial knob along the posterior/medial side of the wrist.

Styloid process of the Ulna

A sharper, more pronounced, toothlike projection pointing distally off the head of the ulna on the posterior/medial side of the wrist.

Head of the Radius

The circular, bell-shaped proximal end of the radius, distal to the lateral epicondyle, which pivots for supination and pronation.

Annular ligament

A ligament that stabilizes the head of the radius.

Shaft of the Radius

The portion of the radius located on the lateral (thumb) side of the forearm, mostly buried but superficial distally.

Styloid process of the Radius

A wider, more substantial mound of bone on the lateral side of the radius, an attachment site for the brachioradialis.

Lister's Tubercle

A superficial, oblong knob on the dorsal surface of the radial styloid process that acts as a hook for the extensor pollicis longus tendon.

Extensor pollicis longus tendon

A tendon that uses Lister's tubercle as a hook.

Proximal row of carpals

The carpal bones including the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform.

Distal row of carpals

The carpal bones including the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate.

Palmar surface

The anterior surface of the wrist and hand.

Dorsal surface

The posterior surface of the wrist and hand.

Radial surface

The lateral surface of the wrist and hand (thumb side).

Ulnar surface

The medial surface of the wrist and hand (pinkie side).

Pisiform

A knobby, pea-shaped carpal bone protruding along the ulnar/palmar surface of the wrist, an attachment site for the flexor carpi ulnaris.

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A muscle whose tendon attaches to the pisiform.

Triquetrum

A pyramid-shaped carpal bone located on the dorsal surface of the pisiform, just distal to the styloid process of the ulna.

Hamate

A carpal bone located distal to the pisiform, featuring a small protuberance called the "hook of the hamate."

Hook of the hamate

A small, palpable protuberance of the hamate bone on the hand's palmar surface.

Flexor retinaculum

A connective tissue band that forms the "roof" of the carpal tunnel, attaching to the pisiform and hook of the hamate medially.

Carpal tunnel

A channel formed by the carpals and the flexor retinaculum.

Tunnel of Guyon

A small channel formed by the pisiform and the hook of the hamate, through which the ulnar nerve and artery pass.

Ulnar artery

An artery that passes through the Tunnel of Guyon.

Scaphoid

A peanut-shaped carpal bone, the most commonly fractured carpal, located on the radial side of the hand and forming part of the anatomical snuffbox.

Navicular

Another name for the scaphoid bone.

Anatomical snuffbox

A tendinous space on the radial side of the wrist, partially floored by the scaphoid.

Scaphoid tubercle

A prominent bony knob on the palmar surface of the scaphoid, along the flexor crease, serving as a lateral attachment for the flexor retinaculum.

Trapezium

A small carpal bone located distal to the scaphoid, articulating with the base of the first metacarpal.

Trapezium tubercle

A bony knob on the palmar surface of the trapezium, near the flexor crease, serving as a lateral attachment for the flexor retinaculum.

Lunate

The most frequently dislocated carpal bone, located distal and medial to Lister's tubercle, becoming more accessible when the wrist is flexed.

Capitate

The largest of the carpal bones, located distal to the lunate, with a shallow ditch on its dorsal surface.

Interossei muscles

Muscles located in the spaces between the metacarpals.

Brachioradialis

A muscle to which the radial styloid process serves as an attachment site.

Thenar eminence

A label for a group of muscles forming the fleshy mound at the base of the thumb.

Hypothenar eminence

A label for a group of muscles forming the fleshy mound at the base of the little finger.

Biceps brachii tendon

A tendon labeled on the anterior view of the forearm.

Palmaris longus tendon

A tendon labeled on the anterior view of the forearm.

Flexor carpi radialis tendon

A tendon labeled on the anterior view of the forearm.

Flexor carpi ulnaris tendon

A tendon labeled on the anterior view of the forearm posterior to the hypothenar eminence.

Extensor digitorum tendons

Tendons labeled on the lateral view of the forearm, for extending the digits.

Extensor crease of the wrist

A visible crease on the posterior side of the wrist.

Flexor crease of the wrist

A visible crease on the anterior side of the wrist.

Lateral epicondyle of the humerus (landmark)

An anatomical landmark prominent on the outer side of the distal humerus.

Medial epicondyle of the humerus (landmark)

An anatomical landmark prominent on the inner side of the distal humerus.

Coronoid process (ulna)

A projection on the proximal ulna, part of the trochlear notch.

Trochlear notch

A large depression on the proximal ulna that articulates with the trochlea of the humerus.

Radial tuberosity

A bony projection on the proximal radius, a site of biceps brachii attachment.

Ulnar tuberosity

A bony projection on the ulna near the coronoid process.

Supinator crest

A ridge located on the ulna, near the radial notch.

Radial notch of ulna

A depression on the ulna that articulates with the head of the radius.

Humerus (Latin origin)

L. upper arm.

Radius (Latin origin)

L. staff, spoke of a wheel.

Ulna (Latin origin)

L. elbow, arm.

Carpal (Greek origin)

Grk. pertaining to the wrist.

Metacarpal (Greek origin)

Grk. meta, after, beyond.

Capitate (Latin origin)

L. head-shaped.

Hamate (Latin origin)

L. hooked.

Lunate (Latin origin)

L. crescent-shaped.

Scaphoid (Latin origin)

L. boat-shaped.

Trapezium (Greek origin)

Grk. little table.

Trapezoid (Greek origin)

Grk. table-shaped.

Pisiform (Latin origin)

L. pea-shaped.

Triquetrum (Latin origin)

L. three-cornered.

Fossa (Latin origin)

L. a shallow depression.

Olecranon (Greek origin)

Grk. elbow.

Process (Latin origin)

L. going forth.

Condyle (Greek origin)

Grk. knuckle.

Epi- (Greek origin)

Grk. above, upon.

Lateral (Latin origin)

L. to the side.

Styloid (Greek origin)

Grk. a pillar.

Medial supracondylar ridge

The supracondylar ridge located on the medial side of the humerus.

Lateral supracondylar ridge

The supracondylar ridge located on the lateral side of the humerus.