Bio-molecules and Biochemistry Practice

Vocabulary flashcards covering bio-molecules, including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, based on lecture worksheet questions.

Lactose

A disaccharide formed when galactose combines with glucose.

Peptide bond

The type of bond that joins amino acids in a protein.

Cellulose

A polysaccharide that serves as a major component of plant cell walls.

Triglyceride

A lipid molecule containing $1$ glycerol and $3$ fatty acids.

Benedict’s test

The specific test used to detect reducing sugars.

RNA

A nucleic acid whose primary function is protein synthesis.

Secondary structure

The level of protein structure that involves hydrogen bonding between amino and carboxyl groups.

Haemoglobin

A protein molecule responsible for oxygen transport.

Stearic acid

An example of a molecule that is a saturated fatty acid.

Catalase

The enzyme responsible for breaking down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.

Alpha-glucose and beta-glucose

Two forms of glucose distinguished by the position of the hydroxyl group on carbon $1$.

Adenine

A purine nucleic acid base that pairs with thymine in DNA.

Phospholipid

The lipid that serves as a major component of cell membranes.

Glycogen

The molecule used for energy storage in animals.

Iodine

A reagent that turns blue-black in the presence of starch.

Primary structure

The level of protein structure defined by the sequence of amino acids.

Competitive inhibition

Inhibition that occurs when a molecule binds to an enzyme’s active site.