Spanish Grammar

Present progressive

Estar + -aron or -ieron

Stem changing in -ir only

Tener que

to have to

deber

should, ought to, must

necesitar

to need to

hay que

one must

es necesario

it is necessary to

What follows all obligation terms?

Infinitive verbs

How to format inequality statements

Más/menos + adj/noun + que

What about inequality about actions?

verb + más/menos + que

How to single out using inequality statements

Article + más/menos +adj

How to single out in a group?

article + más/menos + adj. + de+ group

what are the special words for bueno or malo

mejor, peor

what are the special words for joven and viejo

menor, mayor

What is the statement for comparisons of equality?

(no) ser tan + adj. + como

Statement for comparison of quality or quantity of actions?

(no) + verb + tanto como

Equating quantities?

tanto/a/os/as _ como

Preterite endings for -ar verbs?

é aste ó amos asteis aron

Preterite endings for -er/-ir verbs

í iste ió imos isteis ieron

What about for verbs where the root ends in a vowel?

accent on the í, and i turns to y in third person

car, gar, zar

qué, gué, cé

How do stem changes work in preterite?

Only in -ir verbs, in the third person POV. e - i, o - u

algo

something

alguien

somebody

algún, alguno/a/os/as

some

siempre

always

también

also

nada

nothing

nadie

nobody, no one

ningún, ninguno/a

none

nunca/jamas

never

tampoco

neither

True or false: Spanish uses double/multiple negatives

True

True or false: If negative word is before verb, no is used.

False, it is not used.

How to set up “ago”?

Hace + time period + que + subject/rest of sentence

How to say “How long ago?”

Hace cuánto (time) que + preterite?

Used to express you, one, they, or the passive voice in impersonal statements. This + third person verb form is used for instructions, especially in recipes.

The impersonal “se”