Exph 440 exam4

Thoracic cage

sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae

Thoracic cavity

truncated cone space housing internal structures

Are the clavicle and scapula a part of the thoracic cage

No

Three sections of the thoracic cavity

Right pleural

Left Pleural

Mediastinum

The right and left pleural is where the

lungs are

The thoracic cage is the _______ and the cavity is ______

bones, underneath the bones

Hole at the top of the thoracic cage

Inlet or superior thoracic aperture

Hole at the bottom of the thoracic cage

Outlet or inferior thoracic aperture

The superior thoracic aperture (inlet) is created by

T1, 1st ribs and costal cartilage, manubrium

The inlet faces

anteriolateral

The inlet allows passage of

apex (tip of lungs)

trachea

esophagus

nerves

arteries and veins

Nerves in the inlet

Vagus, sympathetic, phrenic

Arteries and veins of the inlet

Brachiocephalic artery and veins, left carotid artery, left subclavian artery

Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Compression of blood vessels and nerves that get pinched and causes painful symptoms

Inferior thoracic aperture (outlet) is created by

12th thoracic vertebrae, 11th and 12th pairs of ribs, costal cartilages of ribs 7-10, costal margins, xiphersternal joint

The outlet has an

oblique shape, posterior is larger than anterior

The outlet is the passage for the

abdominal aorta

Inferior vena cava

vagus nerve

sympathetic nerve

esophagus

What organs does the outlet contain

Liver

stomach

spleen

Bones of the thoracic cage

Ribs, costal cartilage, sternum

Sternum

flat bone covering the mediastinum (heart)

How many parts does the sternum have

3

Manubrium

Body

Xiphoid process

Manubrium of sternum

widest, thickest

Notches of the Manubrium

jugular and clavicular notches

Body of the sternum

longer, narrow

The body of the sternum joins

costal cartilage of ribs 2-10

Xyphoid process of sternum

small pointed portion

The xyphoid is the landmark for things such as

CPR hand placement

Manubriosternal joint

Inferior manubrium joins superior sternum

What rib attaches at the manubriosternal joint

2nd rib

Angle of the manubriosternal joint

angle of louis

How many ribs are there

12 pairs

True ribs (1-7)

have a direct attachment to the sternum via cartilage

false ribs (8-10)

costal cartilages are connected to the cartilage of the ribs above them

floating ribs (11-12)

do not attach to the sternum instead they end in the posterior abdominal musculature

Components of a rib

Head, neck, tubercle, body

A typical and atypical rib do not tell if it is a true or false rib-

it just shows if that particular rib has all of its parts

Costal cartilage

elastic attachment of bone of the rub to sternum

Costal cartilage allows for

expansion of thoracic cavity

Ribs 1-7 have

direct attachment

Ribs 8-10 joins the costal cartilage of

rib 7

Ribs 11&12 costal cartilage forms a

cap at the end of the bone

costal margin

lower border of rib margin formed by the medial edges of the 8th, 9th, and 10th ribs

Subcostal angle

inferior end of sternum, between sternal attachment of seventh costal cartilages

Bilateral costal facets (demi-facets)

Inferior of one and superior of another line up for a rib attachment

Transverse Costal facets

Transverse processes of vertebrae articulate with the tubercles of ribs

Intercostal space

Spaces between the ribs named by superior rib

How many intercostal spaces

11

What is the space below the 12th rib

subcostal space

Contents of intercostal space

intercostal muscles, membranes and blood vessels

What can the intercostal space be used for

ECGs

The superior 6 ribs produce what movement

pump handle motion

Pump handle motion

upward and downward rotation of the ribs.

Anterior ribs and sternum elevate and depress

Pump handle motion increases

A/P diameter of the rib cage during respiration

Pump handle movement occurs in what plane

sagittal

Ribs 7-10 produce what motion

bucket handle motion

Bucket handle motion

lateral aspect elevates and depresses

Bucket handle motion increases

transverse diameter of the rib cage during respiration

Bucket handle motion occurs in what plane

frontal

Primary muscle of respiration

diaphragm

extrinsic appendicular muscles

Pec major/minor

Serratus anterior

Subclavius

Scalenes

Pec major and minor

elevates ribs

Serratus anterior

elevates ribs

Subclavius

stabilizes 1 rib

Scalenes

stabilizes ribs 1 &2

Extrinsic abdominal muscles

Rectus abdominis

External Oblique

Internal Oblique

Transverse abdominis

Extrinsic abdominal muscles help with

Expiration

The extrinsic abdominal muscles squeeze on the abdominal cavity which

pushes the diaphragm which leads to an increase in pressure to let the air out

You use your extrinsic abdominal muscles during

active breathing

Using your abdominal muscles to breath is also called

belly breathing

Intrinsic muscles of thoracic wall

Serratus posterior inf/sup

Levator costarum

Intercostal muscles

Subcostal

Transverse thoracis

Serratus posterior inferior and superior

elevates and depresses ribs (proprioception)

Levator Costarum

elevates ribs

Intercostal muscles

external, internal, innermost

External intercostal muscles

elevate ribs during forced inspiration