Module 1 foundations of healthcare

In prehistoric times, the common belief was that illness and disease were caused by what?

evil spirits

The Plague killed millions of people in the Middle Ages. Why are we not as worried about it now?

We now have antibiotics to treat it

Joesph lister discovered a way to prevent infection to wounds during and after surgery which led to?

asepsis

who is the "father of antibiotics" who discover that mold could kill bacteria? His discovery led to the development of penicillin.

Alexander Fleming

Who discovered that boiling milk(and other things) killed pathogens?

Louis Pasteur

Mr Smith has $350 taken out of his pay check every month at work for his family medical insurance. What would this be called?

copay

What type of government insurance program would my neighbor in the U.S. Army have for him and his family?

Tricare

What agency requires safety standards to be in place and followed by companies to protect their workers?

OSHA

Some countries have Universal Health care. What does this mean?

everyone has healthcare

Mr. Henry has lung cancer and is not expected to live more than 6 months. He is mentally alert and has decided not to take any more treatments and just wants to have quality of life in the time he has left. Mr. Henry has family members who help out, but he needs help with pain control and family support. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate for Mr. Henry?

?

A college student is planning the steps she must take to attain a MD degree and specialize as a cardiologist. She plans to be the head of the cardiology department. This is an example of what?

Career ladder

Emily has graduated nursing school and passed her NCLEX Exam. She has paid her money to the state and been given permission to practice(do the job) as a nurse in the state. What process does this describe

Licensure

Which degree usually requires approximately 5-6 years year to complete?

Bachelors

Licensed Healthcare workers are required to continue their learning before they renew their license. What is this called?

CEU'S

Prehistoric times

No written language, illness thought to be caused by evil spirits, relied on artifacts such as cave drawing and skeletal remains

medication for prehistoric people

plants and herbs

medicine man (shaman)

created trephination - opening into skull to release evil spirits or treat someone unnatural

3000 BC/BCE

first written medical records - on stone or papyrus scrolls by priests

first doctor lived in 2600. was named?

Imhotep

Egyptian believed human bodies worked like?

rivers - the body was a system of channels

what language was the first medical record in?

Hieroglyphics

Treatments besides plants and herbs for Egyptians

honey and prosthetics

eygptian life span

20-30 years

pharmacopeia

wrote down hot to take medication and what for

the two doctors who directed bodies in Egypt

Herophilus and erasistratus

Mummification

Bodies were not allowed to be dissected - rituals preformed by priest

Vivisection

the dissection of someone/something living

Ancient Chinese

1500 BC/BCE - first to write down medications for diseases

Monitored pulses

help diagnose and practiced holistic medicine

accident Chinese life span

20-30 years

TCM or traditional chinese medicine

performed acupuncture and moxibustion

Ancient Greeks

1000 BC/BCE - most famous

Lived during the time of ancient greeks around 400 BC/BCE

Hippocrates

Hippocrates

Father of medicine, Hippocratic oath

Some Ancient Greeks still believed illness was caused by angering the gods, but some like Hippocrates began to see natural causes

4 humorous theory

4 humorous theory

blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile

Greek life span

25-25 years

Asclepius

god of medicine/healing - today the symbol of medical professionals

Ancient Romans

500 BC/BCE and before

ancient romans built and used?

first hospitals - army doctors

Romans made advancements in?

sanitization - decreased diseases - aqueducts and sewer systems but only for rich and famous

romans life span

25-35 years

A doctor of gladiators and kings, he was considered the expert on human anatomy for 1000 years. He was, however, incorrect in much of his work since it was based on animal anatomy.

Claudius galen 100 AD/CE

Dark Ages

400-800 AD

400 AD led to dark ages

fall of the Roman Empire

study of medicine stopped, books burned

Due to universities for the next 400 years

medical treatment for dark ages

pray and divine intervention

dark ages life span

20-30 years

Middle Ages

800-1350 AD/CE

During the Middle Ages

medical knowledge began to pick up

med advances were made by 3 men from middle eastern countries

Rhaze, Avicenna, and Avenzoar

Rhazes

800s AD - suggested blood carried disease

Avicenna

wrote canon of medicine, compelling all the medial knowledge to that point

Avenzoar

surgical contributions, parasites.

black plague (bubonic)

end of 1300 - wiped out majority of civilization - spread across continents

what was the Black Plague caused by

fleas on rats/yersinia petit

life span of bubonic plague

20-30 years

3 types of plague

bubonic, pneumonic, septicemic

Renaissance

rebirth of learning 1350-1650

During the Renaissance

most rapid growth of med knowledge, printing press, first accurate anatomy book (Vesalius)

dissections during the renaissance

were now allowed

DaVinci and Michelangelo during renaissance

used dissection and study of Bodies in art

Andreas Vesalius

Father of Anatomy - used human dissection to disprove Galens theories - and wrote first accurate anatomy book De humanitarian's corporals fabrica

what opened during the Renaissance

medical universities

Michael Servetus and William Harvey

described the circulatory system of the lungs and explained how digestion is a source of body heat

Amboise Pare

French barber/surgeon - father of modern surgery - used thread to bind arteries

life span in renaissance

30-40 years

Who built the microscope

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

apothecaries

made, prescribed, and sold medications

parts of the body were identified such as: and named after fallacious, Eustachio

Fallopian tubes by fallopian and eustabian tubes by Bartolomeo eustachio

life span increase during renaissance

35-45 years

Benjamin Franklin created what during the 18th century

bifocals

Jesse Bennett created what during the 1700s

first successful C-section on his wife

fahrenheit

invents the thermometer

James lind

cause of scurvy not enough vitamin c

Edward jenner

first vaccine for smallpox 1796

life span in the 1700s

40-50

Rene Laennec

stethoscope

phillipe pinel

advances in the treatment of the mentally ill

Florence Nightingale

nursing education - "lady with a lamp - Began formal nursing school

Elizabeth Blackwell

First female physician 1849 - huge advancement for women in medicine

crawfixd long. Horace wells, William Morton, and James Simpson

discovery of anesthesia - 1840

James lister

antiseptics in surgery

Ignaz semmelwis

wash hands after delivering babies

Mary Mahoney

first African America nurse 1879

Clara barton

American Red Cross 1870

what was accidentally discovered in 1895 changing medicine overnight

x-rays

Bayer Aspirin 1899

aspirin

Life span during the 19th century

40-60 years

Karl Landsteiner

discovered blood types

spanish flu

influenza - pandemic - 1918-1920 - killed 500 million people

Frederick banting and charles best

discovered insulin/diabetes

sigmund freud

father of psychology - talking to people

marie curie

radiation

Jonas Salk

1950 - vaccine for polio - march of dimes

Discovered DNA structure

Watson and Crick

heart-lung bypass

1950

kidney transplant

1950

birth control pills

1960

heart transplant

1960