APUSH Review

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Christopher Columbus

Christopher Columbus

a Spainard who traveled the Atlantic Ocean in 1492 looking for new wealth in the Asian trades

Columbian Exchange

the transport of items between the two hemispheres of Europe and America

Feudalism

peasants live and work under a noble and its land in exchange for that noble’s protection

Capitalism

an economic system based on private ownership and free exchange

Joint-Stock Company

a limited liability organization in which a plurality of investors pool their money to fund a venture

Encomienda System

a colonia labor system in which the Spanish, known as encomendors, enslaved native people to form and mine in the Americas

Casta System

categorized people in the Americas based on their socio-economic status

Casta System Rankings

1. Peninulares

2. Criollos

3. Castas

a.) mestizos

b.) mulattoes

4. Africans

5. Nativa Americans

Sepulvade Argument

argued Native Americans were less than human and benefitted from harsh labor conditions

Las Casas Argument

argued Native Americans were worthy of defense and persuaded the king to pass laws that ended the slavery of the Natives (king eventually repealed the laws)

Spanish

went to America in search of wealth from cash crops, and digging of gold and silver from the ground.

tried to convert natives to christianity and introduced the caste system

French

established trading posts around the Americas and they had Native American wives to keep their kinship ties alive

Dutch

established fur trading centers on Hudson River (1609) and did it for economic reasons

British

came to America for economic reasons. others came for religion freedom and better living conditions

Enclosure Movement

lower classes had land they used for farming that rapidly disappeared before them

Chesapeake Region

Jamestown 1607: first permanent colonial settlement in North America

Indentured Servants

a major labor system in which people who could not come to the new world, they would work 7 years as a laborer in America and then be released as a free person

Bacon’s Rebellion

Nathaniel Bacon led poor farmers including indentured servants in an attack against the Indians and turned their militia toward the plantations owner by Governor Berkley

New England Colonies

In 1620, pilgrims came in family units in order to establish a society. They established a good economy through agriculture and trade.

British West Indies

In 1620, the British established permanent colonies in the Caribbean. The warm climate year round allowed for the growing seasons of the largest cash crop, tobacco, and sugarcane.

Middle Colonies

diverse populations on the sea with many rivers so they thrived on an export economy

Pennsylvania

founded by the Quakers and William Penn. They made it possible for all to have religious freedom. Land tended to be negotiated with the Natives instead of fighting for it.

Mayflower Compact

organized government on the model of a self-governing church congregation

House of Burgesses

representative assemly that could levy taxes and pass laws

Triangular Trade

the trading of goods between America, Africa, and the British West Indies

Mercantilism

an economic system that establishes wealth from trade

Navigation Acts

required merchants to establish trade with english colonies and english owned ships

Stono Rebellion

South Carolina 1739 a small group of slaves stole weapons from a store and killed its owners and marched along the stono river. they burned plantations and killed white folks.

Metacomb’s War

1675 metacomb, chief of Wampanog Indians, noticed the British were destroying their lands, so the British must be removed

The Enlightenment

a movement in Europe that established a difference between rational thinking and traditional and religious revelation

Natural Rights

the idea of people having inborn rights given to them by a creator, not the government

Social Contract

people in contract with the government stating people give power to gov’t and they can also take away that power

Great Awakening

massive religious revival that spread Christianity all throughout the colonies. A large-scale return to the Christian faith.

Anglicanization

a lot of the colonies have become english-like with the way their government is set up similar to that of the English