APHG Unit 6 Vocabulary

Some of the terms in here are really dumbed down since neither AI or the book could give definitions that are understandable.

African City Model

3 CBDs: Traditional, Colonial, and Market Zone. Outdated, doesn’t account for informal underground and wealthy/middle class areas

Asian City Model

Characterized by port zones, center of commerce in colonial SE Asia- export oriented, no CBD.

Basic Industries

Goods/services produced for those outside the city. Ex; Apple iphones and macintosh

Non-Basic Industries

goods/services for the residents of the city. ex: groceries

blockbusting

the practice of persuading homeowners to sell their properties at a loss by exploiting racial fears, leading to racial turnover in neighborhoods.

boomburbs

suburb grown into rapidly growing city, 100.000+ people, still maintains suburban characteristics

CBD (Central Business District)

the commercial and business center of a city, characterized by high land values and a concentration of retail and office space.

Central Place Theory

Attempts to understand why cities are located where they are, central place is the large city that provides the most goods and services for surrounding areas. Hexagonal patterns are fundamental

Clustered Rural Settlement

Settlement pattern where families and houses are CLUSTERED together, with fields and farmland surrounding the people.

Concentric Zone Model

Uses Rings;

1. Bid Rent Theory; Cbd is location of major econ. activity and most expensive.

2. Transition Zone; area of mixed use and low-income housing.

3. Zone of Working-Class Homes; primarily occupied by workers.

4. Zone of Better Residences; higher quality housing.

5. Commuter Zone; suburbs where people commute to the city.

Dispersed Rural Settlement

Settlement pattern characterized by scattered farms or homes amid much open space and fields, often resulting in a lower population density.

Edge City

Concentration of businesses, shopping centers, and entertainment that developed in ‘burbs, outside city’s traditional downtown/central business

Entrepot

A trading post where goods are imported, stored, and reshipped, often serving as a hub in global trade networks.

exurb

Semi-rural district located beyond the ‘burbs often inhabited by rich families

Favelas

Informal, low-income housing settlements typically found in urban areas of Brazil, characterized by poor infrastructure and limited access to services. Ex; RIO DE JANEIRO LOLOL

Filtering

Process of housing populated by affluent people is passed down to people of lower income.

Galactic City Model

Includes edge cities, suburban areas, and a central city connected by highway routes.

Underestimates space to contain sprawl, depends on automobiles too much

Gentrification

Richer people purchase awful buildings for cheap and glow up the buildings

Greenbelts

Areas of open land around a city, designed to limit urban sprawl and preserve natural landscapes.

Hierarchy of Services

The arrangement of services and settlements in a network, where larger settlements offer more and higher-order services compared to smaller ones, impacting their accessibility and spatial organization.

Hierarchy of Settlements

Hamlet, Village, Town, City, Megalopolis.

Hinterland

The area surrounding a city from which it draws its customers and resources, often characterized by its economic and social interactions.

Infastructure

Basic support system for the society and econ. aspects of a country

Latin American City Model

A model that illustrates a central plaza surrounded by high-income housing and commercial areas, with lower-income housing situated in the periphery. Main feature includes a spine.

long-lot settlement

A type of land division used in rural areas, particularly in French Canada, characterized by narrow, elongated parcels of land stretching back from a river or road.

market area

The region from which a retailer or service provider draws customers, typically defined by the distance consumers are willing to travel for goods or services.

Megacity

10mil+ population city

Metacity

20m+ population city

Metes and Bounds Survey

A system of land surveying that uses natural landmarks and measurements, such as distances and angles, to define property boundaries. It is commonly used in rural areas and is often less precise than other surveying methods.

Multiple Nuclei Model

A model that describes urban land use patterns with multiple centers of activity, rather than a single central business district, reflecting the complexities of urban growth and development.

New Urbanism

Limiting urban expansion, preserving nature.

Periodic Market

A market that is held at specific intervals, such as weekly or biweekly, often in rural areas, where vendors sell goods and services to local residents. ex: flea markets, farmers markets

Primate City

A city much larger than any other city in the country and dominates country’s econ., political, and cultural life.

Public Housing Project

A government-funded initiative that provides affordable housing to low-income individuals and families, often located in urban areas.

Range

The maximum distance people are willing to travel to purchase a good or service, determined by factors like price and availability.

Threshold

The minimum people needed to support a service

Rank-Size Rule

A principle that states that the population of a city is inversely proportional to its rank within a hierarchy.

Redlining

When a bank refuses to offer home loans based on a neighborhood’s racial/ethnic makeup.

Scattered Site

A housing development strategy where affordable housing units are dispersed throughout different neighborhoods rather than concentrated in a specific area, aimed at promoting socio-economic integration.

Smart Growth

An urban planning theory that focuses on sustainable development, encouraging environmentally friendly land use, and preventing urban sprawl.

Squatter Settlements

informal housing areas where people occupy land without legal permission, often lacking basic services and infrastructure.

Hoyt Sector Model

A theory of urban land use that suggests cities develop in sectors or wedges radiating out from the central business district, based on transportation routes and socioeconomic status.

Settlement

A community of people living together, typically featuring residential areas, workplaces, and infrastructure.

City

a large and densely populated urban area that serves as a center for commerce, culture, and social interaction.

Suburb

Outlying, functionally uniform part of an urban area

Sprawl

Tendency of cities to grow outward in an unchecked manner. Ex: LA

Urbanization

Process of how densely populated groups turn into settlements

Urban Renewal

Grants from fed gov. given after WWII to redevelop and modernize crappy areas

World City

City that is a control center of the global economy, where major decisions are made about the world’s commercial networks and financial markets. EX: LA

Zone In Transition

Area transitioning from one land use to another, often undergoing changes in demographics, economic activities, and property values.

Zoning

Dividing a city/urban area into zones where only certain land use is allowed.