IO REVIEWER

stress

the psychological and physical reaction to certain life events or situations

stressors - stress reactivity - strains

the stress process

stressors

life events or situations that cause stress

stress reactivity

if we perceive these evens as being stressful, our bodies respond in many ways

eustress

stress that results in positive energy and improvements in performance and health

distress

stress that results in negative energy and decreases in performance and health

type A personality

a stress prone person who is competitive, impatient, and hurried

type B personality

a non-stress-prone person who is relaxed and agreeable

neuroticism

a personality trait characterized by a tendency to experience such negative emotions

stress sensitization

• the amount of stress you have experienced throughout your life seems to affects how you will handle future stressors

• desensitization

personal stressors

• Personal sources of stress such as

non-work issues

• Having to deal with life’s changes

occupational stressors

• job characteristics

• organizational characteristics

role conflict

when our work expectations and what we think we should be doing don’t match up with the work we actually have to do

role ambiguity

The extent to which an employee’s roles and expectations are unclear.

Role overload

when individuals either feels they lack the skills or work place resources to complete a task or perceive that the task cannot be done in the required amount of time

person-organization fit

org stressor which deals with the extent to which an employee's personality, values, attitudes, philosophy, and skills match those of the organization

change

org stressor that occurs most often from downsizing and restructuring

relations with others

org stressor where our coworkers and customers can be a major source of workplace stress

organizational politics

org stressors that are self-serving behaviors employees use to increase the probability of obtaining positive outcomes in organizations.

positive politics

designed to influence others with the goal of helping both the organization and the person playing the politics

negative politics

manipulative behaviors (politics) designed to achieve personal gain at the expense of others and the organization

noise

affects tasks that involve cognitive skills or communication more than it affects tasks involving perception

more likely to decrease the quality of performance rather than its quantity

Constant noise

Noises differ in whether they are continuous or intermittent

• _____ noise has less effect on employee behavior.

Radiation

excess heat radiating away from the body

Evaporation

sweating away excess heat

blood vessels constrict

When body temperature is below normal

Effective temperature

• The combination of air temperature, humidity, airflow, and heat radiation that determines how hot or cold the environment feels

• higher the humidity, the warmer the air temperature feels, and thus the higher the _______ temperature

shift work

Economic & Safety Factors:

• Essential Professions: Police, nurses, retail workers, factory workers

• Maximizing Productivity: Factories operate 24/7 to increase output

Prevalence:

• 20% of employees work evening or late-night shifts

• _______ affects 25% of all employees

moonlighting

Employees working more than one job for extra money or enjoyment

Slash Careers

Second job pursued for passion rather than income

forecasting

Constant worry about the future and hypothetical "what ifs"

Drains emotional & physical energy

Can lead to long-term anxiety & stress

RESIDUAL STRESS

Stress carried over from past situations

Minor frustrations can turn into long-term stress if not managed

Holding onto grudges, hurt, or anger keeps individuals in a constant stress cycle

group

A ___ is defined by its members‘ recognition of belonging. Members perceive themselves as part of a cohesive unit, distinguishing themselves from others outside the group. This collective identity fosters a sense of belonging and commitment among its members.

group rewards

Groups provide tangible and intangible rewards to their members. These can include social support, collaborative opportunities, personal growth, and shared resources. The benefits often encourage members to engage actively within the group and strengthen their connection to it.

Assignment and Proximity, Social Affiliation and Identification, Emotional Support and Common Interests

Sis reasons for joining groups

Assignment and Proximity

Individuals often join groups due to organizational assignments. Whether in professional settings or educational environments, people are placed into groups to fulfill specific roles. Proximity also plays a crucial role; individuals who are physically close, such as students in the same classroom or coworkers in adjoining offices, are more likely to form groups based on shared experiences.

Social Affiliation and Identification

Human beings have an inherent need for social connection, leading individuals to join groups for emotional fulfillment. Affiliating with a group often involves aligning with its values and shared identity, which can manifest in behaviors such as wearing team uniforms or participating in group activities that reinforce this connection.

Emotional Support and Common Interests

Many individuals seek out groups for emotional support during personal challenges. Organizations like support groups provide safe spaces for sharing struggles. Additionally, groups often form around common interests or hobbies, allowing members to collaborate and engage with like-minded individuals, thereby enhancing their overall experience and satisfaction.

Group Cohesiveness

the extent to which group members like and trust one another, are committed to accomplishing a team goal, and share a feeling of group pride

group homogeneity

extent to which its members are similar

task-oriented roles

role orientation involving behaviors such as offering new ideas, coordinating activities, and finding new information

social-oriented roles

role orientation that involves encouraging cohesiveness and participation

individual roles

includes blocking group activities, calling attention to oneself, and avoiding group interaction

social facilitation

involves the positive effects of the presence of others on an individuals behavior

social inhibition

involves the negative effects of other’s presence

audience effects

the effect on behavior when one or more people passively watch the behavior of another person

coaction

the effect on behavior when two or more people are performing the same task in the presence of each other

groupthink

a syndrome that occurs in highly cohesive decision-making groups, where a norm develops to arrive at an early consensus, thereby reducing the effectiveness of the group’s ability to make high-quality, critical decisions