Clep Bio practice test 1

A small non-protein substance such as iron that works with enzymes to promote catalysis is known as

an inorganic cofactor

A particular plant has individuals that are either male or female. As male individual of this plant may have all of the following EXCEPT

a stigma

The cells of which of the following organisms are prokaryotic

Blue-green bacteria.

Which of the following represents a plausible progression in the evolution of plants

anaerobic prokaryotic cells - autotrophic cyanobacteria - aerobic eukaryotic cells - multicellular plants

Legumes perform a unique ecological function by

hosting nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their root nodules

Which of the following is found in a carbohydrate molecule

CH2)

Each of the following statements regarding the hydrologic cycle is true EXCEPT

The hydrologic cycle does not effect any of the other biogeochemical cycles

Which of the following is a monosaccharide

Glucose

Highly stereotyped innate behavior

(B) Instinct

Automatic movement in response to environmental signal

(D) Reflex

Unlearned series of actions that are a pre-programmed but complex response to a particular environmental signal

(E) Fixed action pattern

The study of interactions of organisms with their living space is known as

ecology

Which of the following is likely to happen when a limited amount of enzyme is added to a reaction with an unlimited amount of substrate

The rate of the reaction increases, then levels off as all the enzyme is engaged

Which of the following organs does not function in immunity to defend the body from infection

Spinal cord

All the statements about the following reaction are true EXCEPT

(A) It is an exothermic reaction

A cell without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelle is

prokaryotic

All the following are found in cells of fungi EXCEPT

chloroplasts

Grana are embedded within which part of the chloroplast

stroma

The ultimate source of energy for most life on Earth is

the Sun

The conversion of light energy into chemical energy is accomplished by

photosynthesis

The sum total of a species’ genetic information is known as its

genome

All the following are steps of translation part of protein synthesis EXCEPT

Free bases line up along the DNA template and are bonded together forming a single strand of RNA

Transduction refers to the process whereby a bacterium’s genetic makeup is altered when

some genetic material is transferred from one bacterium to another via a viral bacteriophage

Chromosomes that are paired with others of similar size and shape within a nucleus are known as

homologs

Restriction enzymes cut samples of DNA into fragments by

binding to specific sequence of nucleotides and breaking the sugar-phosphate backbone

Nuclear membrane forms around new groups of single-stranded chromosomes

(D) telophase

Cytoplasm splits forming two distinct cells

(E) Cytokinesis

Chromatin condenses, centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell, nuclear membrane dissolves, kinetochore forms

Prophase

Chromosomes align along the equatorial plane of the cell

Metaphase

Paired chromosomes separate at the kinetochore, each chromosome travels along the spindle fibers to opposite ends of the cell

Anaphase

Each of the following statements about meiosis is true EXCEPT

Meiosis produces two exact replica daughter cells

The iron containing molecule that carries oxygen within red blood cells throughout the body via the circulatory system is

hemoglobin

The sodium (Na+) ion concentration outside a cell increases, water molecules travel out of the cell through the cell membrane. This process is known as

osmosis

The ____ is the organ that prevents food from entering the bronchial tubes

epiglottis

The site of transfer for nutrients, water, and wastes between a mammalian mother and embryo is the

placenta

The function of the gall bladder and pancreas is to aid digestion by producing digestive enzymes and secreting them into

small intestine

Electrical shock can restart a heart that has stopped beating. Which of the following statements is a valid reason for this fact?

Electric shock stimulates cardiac muscles causing it to contract

All of the following may cause mutations in a DNA sequence EXCEPT

Crossing over

Present in reproductive organs at birth

(A) Primary oocytes

Female haploid cell that is ready for fertilization

(B) egg cell

Haploid cells that will develop into male gametes

(C) secondary spermatocytes

Infertile cell resulting from meiosis II in females

(E) polar body

Undergo meiosis II to form spermatid

(C) secondary spermatocytes

Bones perform many functions in the human body. All of the following are functions of bones EXCEPT they

produce calcium and phosphate

The illustration above is called

a Punnet square

What is the genotype of each of the parents

one parent has the genotype TT and the other tt

The gametes for this cross will have which possible alleles

T,t

What will be the phenotypic ratio of the offspring in this cross

4 tall: 0 short

If two of the offspring are crossed, what will be the phenotypic ratio of the next generation be

3 tall: 1 short

All the following are major structural regions of plant roots EXCEPT

the episematic region

Water molecules are attracted to each other due to which of the following

Polarity, partial positive charge near hydrogen atoms, partial negative charge near oxygen atoms

The Law of Segregation in Genetics states that

genes are randomly separated in gamete formation and brought together in fertilization

All the following are true EXCEPT

Animals only reproduce asexually

All of the following terms represent the movement of a species in or out of a give area EXCEPT

competition

Sharks and dolphins have similar body shapes. Which of the following is the most likely explanation of this fact?

The similar body shape traits are the result of convergent evolution

Vascular cylinder

E

Epidermis

B

Root hairs

A

Endodermis

D

Cortex

C

The term Homo sapiens is an example of

binomial nomenclature

In humans, the ability to roll the tongue is an inherited trait and the allele for tongue-rolling is dominant. If 36% of the population cannot roll their tongue, what is the frequency of the heterozygous genotype within the population, according to the Hardy-Weinberg equation

0.48

An unknown plant found in the forest has five petals on its flower and a tap root system. Which of the following is most likely TRUE

The leaves of the plant have parallel veins

Members of which of the following categories are most likely closely related

Genus

Which of the following is NOT included in the Oparin Hypothesis

H2O once existed only in the form of ice

Which of the following is an explanation of how altruistic traits evolve

The process of kin selection preserves altruistic traits

Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria causes throat infections in humans, but can be killed with the antibiotic penicillin. If penicillin therapy is not administered correctly, some bacteria may survive. These surviving bacteria are those with a higher level of resistance to penicillin. The living resistant bacteria will reproduce, magnifying the traits of resistance in subsequent generations. This is an example of

Natural selection

The major driving force of the evolution of species is known as

Natural selection

Short period of quick mutations and change resulting in new species

Punctuated equilibrium

Change in frequency of particular genes in a population over time due to chance fluctuations

Genetic drift

process whereby one species can evolve into several new species overtime as migration to new areas occurs and traits are specialized to fit new habitat

Adaptive radiation

The development of members within a population that posses differences preventing successful reproduction with the original population

Sympatric speciation

the tendency for an individual to express altruistic traits toward close relatives, thus preserving the genes that produce altruistic traits

Kin selection

The biogeography of a tropical island is affected by all of the following factors EXCEPT

fossil preservation with the geologic column

A form of symbiosis in which one species benefits while the other is harmed is called

parasitism

All the following are steps in carbon cycle EXCEPT

carbon dioxide is taken in by animals respiration and used to form carbohydrates

Large protein molecules may be secreted from a cell by the process of

exocytosis

The enzyme amylase is present in saliva and is instrumental in the breaking down of starches in early digestion. Which of the following is the most likely reason for amylase’s suitability to aid in the catalysis of starches

The shape of the active site on the amylase molecule matches the shape of starch molecules

Which of the following is an autotroph

Asparagus fern

A ____ is a distinct group of individuals that are able to mate and produce viable offspring

species

Which phylum of vertebrates contains animals with mammary glands

mammal

Exponential population growth curve

J-curve

Birthrate minus death rate

population growth rate

Death rate within a population

Mortality

Birthrate within a population

Natality

Logistic population growth

S-curve

Which of the following kingdoms contains photosynthetic organisms

Protista

Which of the following elements is generally NOT found in organic tissue

Argon

Bryophytes

Nonvascular plant

Flowering plants

Angiosperms

Waxy coating of leaves that maintains moisture balance

cuticle

Produce seeds without flowers

gymnosperms

Conifers and cycads

gymnosperms

Organisms store energy within

chemical bonds

The diploid generation in plants is known as the

sporophyte

There are three different genes that control skin color in humans. Each gene has a dominant and a recessive allele, so the possible alleles are A, a, B, b, C, c. The more dominant alleles inherited by offspring, the darker the skin color. Skin color in humans is an example of

polygenic trait

The fossil of a fish is found in limestone bed. The imprint of a skeleton is easily discernible, including several vertebrae. The fish most likely belonged to the class

Osteichthyes

Cells of eukaryotes have all the following EXCEPT

DNA floating free in the cytoplasm

The process whereby molecules and ions flow through a cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration without an input of energy known as

diffusion

A species’ ecological niche is defined as including

all the biotic and abiotic factors that will support its life and reproduction