Studied by 2 people
Grief stricken spouses
________ exhibit a weakened immune system when compared with non- widowed controls.
Chronic types of stress
________ are more toxic than acute short- term stresses.
Individuals
________ who respond to distress by rumination and repetitive thought are more likely to become anxious and depressed than those who allow themselves to be distracted.
tense social situations
In ________, they exhibit greater increases in blood pressure, pulse rate, and adrenaline.
extra sugar
Liver pours ________ into the bloodstream for energy.
foreign agent
Inject a(n) ________ into the skin and measure the amount of swelling that arises at the site of the injection.
Adrenaline
________ and other hormones are poured into the bloodstream.
personal characteristics
Certain ________ and life circumstances can buffer people against the adverse health effects.
negative feelings
Girls and women have a tendency to ruminate, confront their ________, and seek treatment for being depressed.
Digestion
________ slows down to divert blood to the brain and skeletal muscles.
Heart attacks
________, cancer, strokes, and accidents are now more common causes of death than infectious diseases.
Positive expectations
________ can be self- fulfilling.
physical activity
Boys and men resort to drugs, ________, antisocial behavior, and other means of distraction.
Disclosure
________ can bring emotional closure.
Appraisal
The process by which people make judgments about the demands of potentially stressful events and their ability to meet those demands.
Coping
Efforts to reduce stress.
Depressive Explanatory Style
A habitual tendency to attribute negative events to causes that are stable, global, and internal.
Emotion-Focused Coping
Cognitive and behavioral efforts to reduce the distress produced by a stressful situation.
Health Psychology
The application of psychology to the promotion of physical health and the prevention and treatment of illnesses
Stress
An unpleasant state of arousal that arises when we perceive that the demands of a situation threaten our ability to cope effectively
Appraisal
The process by which people make judgements about the demands of potentially stressful events and their ability to meet those demands
Coping
Efforts to reduce stress
Stressors
Anything that causes stress
Physiological measures of analyzing stress
Analyzing stress hormone levels in blood, urine, or saliva, or recording autonomic arousal through heart rate, respiration rate, blood pressure, or sweat gland activity
Assessing the effects of stress on the body over time
Accumulated levels of cortisol found in hair samples are associated with exposure to stress
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
A condition in which a person experiences enduring physical and psychological symptoms after an extremely stressful event
Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)
A checklist of 43 major life events, each assigned with a numerical value based on the amount of readjustment it requires
Microstressors
The Hassles of Everyday Life
Burnout
A prolonged response to job stress that is characterized by emotional exhaustion, cynicism, disengagement, and a lack of personal accomplishment
Emotional exhaustion
feeling overwhelmed and physically drained
Depersonalization as a result of workplace burnout
withdrawing and distancing from clients and coworkers
General Adaptation Syndrome
A three-stage process (alarm, resistance, and exhaustion) by which the body responds to stress
Alarm
Initial reaction to the recognition of a threat
Resistance
The body remains aroused and on the alert
Exhaustion
The bodys reaction to a prolonged stress response
Fight or Flight
Mens tendency to lash out aggressively when under siege
Tend and Befriend
Womens tendency to adapt to hardship by caring for ones children and seeking out others who might help
Coronary Heart Disease
A narrowing of the blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle
Heart Attack
When the blood supply to the heart is blocked, an uncomfortable feeling of pressure, fullness, and squeezing is experienced
Type A personality
A pattern of behavior characterized by extremes of competitive striving for achievement, a sense of time urgency, hostility, and aggression
Hostility
People are constantly angry, resentful, cynical, suspicious, and mistrustful of others
Immune System
A biological surveillance system that detects and destroys "nonself" substances that invade the body
Lymphocytes
Specialized white blood cells that circulate throughout the bloodstream and secrete chemical antibodies
Psychoneuroimmunology
A subfield of psychology that examines the links among psychological factors, the brain and nervous system, and the immune system
Depression
Mood disorder characterized by feelings of sadness, pessimism, and apathy and slowed thought processes
Martin Seligman
Depression results from a feeling of learned helplessness
Learned Helplessness
A phenomenon in which experience with an uncontrollable event creates passive behavior in the face of subsequent threats to well-being
Lynn Abramson
Depression is a state of hopelessness brought on by the negative self-attributions people make for failure
Depressive Explanatory Style
A habitual tendency to attribute negative events to causes that are stable, global, and internal
Commitment
A sense of purpose with regard to ones work, family, and other domains
Challenge
An openness to new experiences and a desire to embrace change
Control
The belief that one has the power to influence important future outcomes
Self-Efficacy
A persons belief that they are capable of the specific behavior required to produce a desired outcome in a given situation
Problem-Focused Coping
Cognitive and behavioral efforts to reduce stress by overcoming the source of the problem
Emotion-Focused Coping
Efforts to manage our emotional reactions to stressors rather than trying to change the stressors themselves
Proactive Coping
Up-front efforts to ward off or modify the onset of a stressful event
Procrastination
A purposeful delay in beginning or completing a task, often accompanied by feelings of discomfort
Knowledge
knowing why something happens increases your chance of making sure it goes your way
Positive Emotions
Building Blocks of Emotion-Focused Coping
Focused Distraction
Thinking of a specific image to counteract the rebound effect
Opening Up
Confronting Ones Demons
Catharsis
A discharge of tension
Self-Focus
Getting Trapped vs Getting Out
Self-Awareness Theory
Self-focus brings out our personal shortcomingS
Self-Focusing Model of Depression
Coping with stress by attending to your own feelings only makes things worse
Social Support
The helpful coping resources provided by friends and other people
Explicit social support
Disclosing ones distress to others and seeking their advice, aid, or comfort
Implicit social support
Merely thinking about or being with close others without openly asking for help
Treatment
The "Social" Ingredients
Prevention
Getting the Message Across
Provide with the behavioral skills necessary to follow through (ex
provide condoms)
General Adaptation Syndrome
A three-stage process (alarm, resistance, and exhaustion) by which the body responds to stress.
Health Psychology
The study of physical health and illness by psychologists from various areas of specialization.
Immune System
A biological surveillance system that detects and destroys “nonself” substances that invade the body.
Learned Helplessness
A phenomenon in which experience with an uncontrollable event creates passive behavior in the face of subsequent threats to well-being.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
A condition in which a person experiences enduring physical and psychological symptoms after an extremely stressful event.
Proactive Coping
Up-front efforts to ward off or modify the onset of a stressful event.
Problem-Focused Coping
Cognitive and behavioral efforts to alter a stressful situation.
Psychoneuroimmunology
A subfield of psychology that examines the links among psychological factors, the brain and nervous system, and the immune system.
Self-Efficacy
A person’s belief that he or she is capable of the specific behavior required to produce a desired outcome in a given situation.
Social Support
The helpful coping resources provided by friends and other people.
Stress
An unpleasant state of arousal in which people perceive the demands of an event as taxing or exceeding their ability to satisfy or alter those demands.
Stressor
Anything that causes stress.
Subjective Well-Being
One’s happiness, or life satisfaction, as measured by self-report.
Type A personality
A pattern of behavior characterized by extremes of competitive striving for achievement, a sense of time urgency, hostility, and aggression.
Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)
A checklist of 43 major life events, each assigned with a numerical value based on the amount of readjustment it requires
Burnout
A prolonged response to job stress that is characterized by emotional exhaustion, cynicism, disengagement, and a lack of personal accomplishment
Emotional exhaustion
Feeling overwhelmed and physically drained
Alarm
Initial reaction to the recognition of a threat
Resistance
When the body remains aroused and alert despite the absence of the threat
Exhaustion
The body’s reaction to a prolonged stress response
Fight or Flight
Men’s tendency to lash out aggressively when under siege
Tend and Befriend
Women’s tendency to adapt to hardship by caring for one’s children and seeking out others who might help
Coronary Heart Disease
A narrowing of the blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle
Heart Attack
When the blood supply to the heart is blocked and an uncomfortable feeling of pressure, fullness, and squeezing is experienced
Hostility
People are constantly angry, resentful, cynical, suspicious, and mistrustful of others
Lymphocytes
Specialized white blood cells that circulate throughout the bloodstream and secrete chemical antibodies
Depression
Mood disorder characterized by feelings of sadness, pessimism, and apathy and slowed thought processes
Commitment
A sense of purpose with regard to one’s work, family, and other domains
Challenge
An openness to new experiences and a desire to embrace change
Note 
Flashcard (135)