DATABASE

Database

an organized collection of structured inf ormation, or data, typically stored electronically in a computer system.

Database Management System (DBMS)

serves as an interf ace between the database and its end-users or programs, allowing users to retrieve, update, and manage how the inf ormation is organized and optimized

Database Application

a set of one (1) or more computer programs that serves as an intermediary between the user and the DBMS.

Naive users

are unsophisticated users who interact with the system by using predef ined user interf aces, such as web or mobile applications

Application programmers

are computer prof essionals who write application programs.

Sophisticated users

interact with the system without writing programs. Instead, they form their requests either using a database query language.

Database System Architecture

involves database design and construction on how the databases will operate and f unction within exisiting structures and location.

Centralized database system

a database that supports data located at a single site

Distributed  database  system 

a collection of multiple interconnected databases, spread physically across various locations

Structured Data

data that are stored in relational databases.

Unstructured Data

data that exist in its original (raw) state that can come in all shapes and sizes.

Semi-structured Data

individual data items of the same type may have diff erent sets of attributes. It contains semantic tags and there is no pre-def ined schema

SQL (Structured Query Language)

a computer language for storing, manipulating, and retrieving data stored in a relational database.

NoSQL

Stands for “Not only SQL” is generally used to describe a new generation of DBMS that is not based on the traditional relational database model and has been developed to address the challenges represented by Big Data.

MySQL

an open-source SQL relational database management system that was developed and supported by Oracle

SQLite

a relational database management system contained in a C programming library

BEGIN/END

used to def ine a set of SQL statements that execute together.

DECLARE

used to declare a variable in SQL server. Variable names have to start at “@”. If we want to use a variable in SQL server, we need to declare it

SET or SELECT

used to assign a value(s) to a variable

CAST

converts an expression of one data type to another.

PRINT

allows users to return a pre-def ined message or value.

TRY-CATCH

consists of a try block followed by one or more catch clauses, which specif y handlers  for diff erent exceptions.