Studied by 0 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
interaction models
translations between user and system •
ergonomics
physical characteristics of interaction •
interaction styles
the nature of user/system dialog •
context
social, organizational, motivational
Interaction
involves at least two participants: the user and the system
domain
the area of work under study
task
how you go about doing it
goal
what you want to achieve
Intention
Is a specific action required to meet the goal
Donald Norman’s model
Seven stages – user establishes the goal – formulates intention – specifies actions at interface – executes action – perceives system state – interprets system state – evaluates system state with respect to goal
gulf of execution
is the difference between the user’s formulation of the actions to reach the goal and the actions allowed by the system.)
Abowd and Beale framework
has 4 parts – user – input – system – output
Ergonomics
Study of the physical characteristics of interaction
Ergonomics - examples
• arrangement of controls and displays
surrounding environment
• health issues
• use of colour
industrial interface
traditional … dials and knobs – now … screens and keypads
glass interface
cheaper, more flexible, multiple representations, precise values
Command line interface
Way of expressing instructions to the computer directly
Menus
Set of options displayed on the screen
Natural language
Familiar to user • speech recognition or typed natural language
Query interfaces
Question/answer interfaces
Form-fills
Primarily for data entry or data retrieval
Spreadsheets
sophisticated variation of form-filling. – grid of cells contain a value or a formula
WIMP Interface
default style for majority of interactive computer systems, especially PCs and desktop machines
Windows
Areas of the screen that behave as if they were independent
Icons
small picture or image • represents some object in the interface
Pointers
important component, uses mouse, trackpad, joystick, trackball, cursor keys or keyboard shortcuts
Menus
Choice of operations or services offered on the screen
Contextual menu
appears where you are
pop-up menus
actions for selected object
pie menus
arranged in a circle
hierarchical menu structure
menu selection opens new menu
key combinations
same effect as menu item
Buttons
individual and isolated regions within a display that can be selected to invoke an action
Toolbars
long lines of icons, fast access to common actions
palettes
little windows of actions
Dialogue boxes
information windows that pop up to inform of an important event or request information.
Context
Interaction affected by social and organizational context
Norman’s model
concentrates on user’s view of the interface
slip
better interface design
mistake
better understanding of system
slip
understand system and goal, correct formulation of action
interaction
translation between languages
true
controls grouped according to function or frequency of use, or sequentially
direct manipulation
user interacts with artificial world
indirect manipulation
user interacts with real world through interface
Query languages
used to retrieve information from database
Point and click interfaces
used in .. – multimedia – web browsers – hypertext
Three dimensional interfaces
virtual reality, ordinary’ window systems, 3D workspaces
Keyboard accelerators
key combinations - same effect as menu item
tear-off and pin-up menus
menu ‘tears off’ to become palette
spring back controls
one-shot buttons, joystick
