1865-1890 Society

Who were the confederacy?

The South

Who were the Union?

The North

What were some effects of the Civil war?

• Over 600,000 killed

• South’s economic structure was destroyed

• South suffered $1.1 billion in war damage

What was the emancipation proclamation?

Abraham Lincoln officially declaring the slaves free. 3.5 million slaves were freed

Who was Hiram Revels?

The first black senator

How many African Americans served in state government?

600

What were the black codes?

Laws introduced in the south to limit African Americans, these later turned into the Jim Crow laws which were formal segregation

What was sharecropping?

Former slaves working on old plantations for their old slave owners as a way to make a living.

What percentage of African Americans were illiterate in the south?

50%

What was the Colifax Masacre?

150 African Americans were murdered

How many immigrants came to American from 1860-1890?

10 million

What were push factors for immigrants?

• Famine

• Religous persecution

• Lack of economic opportunities

• Politcal corruption and unstable governments

What were pull factors for immigrants?

• Family

• ‘melting pot’

• economic opportunities

What were the effects of immigration?

• Racial/ethnic tension (orange riots)

• Rise in Nativism

• American Protective Association setup to protect the school system against catholic school children

How were the Chinese treated?

• ‘stop yellow peril’

• Labour unions led by Sammuel Gompers opposed cheap Chinese labour

• Truckee Boycott- led by Charles Mcglashen

  aimed to push the Chinese out, burnt chinese shops

What was the Chinese Exclusion Act 1883?

Restricted immigration of the Chinese

What was the Homestead Act 1862?

offered Native Americans 160 acres of land for farming

What was the Pacific railroad Act 1862?

Authorised two companies to build a railroad connecting East to west. They met in the middle in Utah in 1869

What was the Treaty of Fort Laramie?

• Officially established a Great Sioux reservation in the Black Hills however, this was ignored by the government when gold was found resulting in the Battle of Little Bighorn

What was Americanisation?

An attempt to ‘Americanise’ the Native Americans via reservations, christianity and boarding schools for the children

What happened by 1890?

The way of the Native Americans was wiped out

How were the Native Americans poorly treated?

• Buffalo herds were slaughtered and made extinct

• Bison wiped out

• Confined to reservations

• Many lost to war, disease and famine

What regional divisions were there throughout this period?

• Orange Riots between Irish Protestants and Catholics

• South caused racial tensions and agricultural based

• Nevada was completely deserted when Gold was found

• West was hard for the federal government to control