Brain and Cranial Nerves

CNS- Central Nervous System

Made up of the Brain and Brain Stem

2 Types of Nerves

Cranial and Spinal

The signaling pathway

Stimulus > Receptor > Sensory Neuron > CNS (Spinal Cord > Brain)

Awareness

When signal gets sent to Brain, it gains ___

Motor Neurons

Signal sent back from brain when stimulus needs a response.

2 Types of motor neuron systems

Somatic and Autonoumic

Somatic division

Controls skeletal muscles and things you consciously think about. Voluntary actions.

Autonomic Division

Controls invoulentary actions. Internal organs and glands Sympathetic and Parasympathetic divisions.

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Divisions of Autonomic Division of Motor Neurons

Sympathetic Division

Fight or Flight responses- for stressful and imediate solutions

Parasympathetic

Rest and Digest Responses- promotes relax and repair responses

PNS- Peripheral Nervous System

Nerves

Gyrus

Surface Ridges on the brain

Sulcus

the shallow lines on the brain. Central __ is largest

Fissure

Deep lines on surface of brain. Longitudinal __ is most important. Like a sulcus, but deeper.

4 main regions of the Brain

Cerebrum (Cerebral Cortex), Cerebellum, Brain Stem, Diencephalon

Cerebrum (Cerebral cortex)

Processes information related to sensation and motor Response

Cerebellum

Keeps balance of the body and equilibrium. Separated by the Transverse fissure. Posterior Region

Brainstem

Ventral side of the brain. The most important part of the Brian, where life centers are. You can’t survive without it. 3 regions

Midbrain

Processes visuals, the head of the brainstem

Pons

Center for respiration in the brainstem

Medula

Center in the brainstem that controls the heart and Veins

Diencephalon

Deepest region in the brain. Autonomic regulation and nervous anatomy. 3 regions

Epithalimus

Penial Gland, produces melatonin. Dorsal part of Diencephalon

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Neuroendocrine structure- gives the ___ a lot of power because it controls 2 structures

Longitudinal Fissure

Separates the left and right lobe

Central Sulcus

Separates the Frontal and Parietal lobes

Frontal Lobe

Most anterior lobe of the brain. largest and most crucial containing the language center, personality, judgement and decision making

Parietal lobe

medial lobe in the Brain, sensory center of the brain. Reading, math, and writing center

Occipital lobe

most posterior lobe of the Brain. Visual processing center of the brain

Precentral gyrus

the Ridge on the frontal lobe right before the Central Sulcus

Post Central Gyrus

The ridge on the Parietal lobe right after the Central Sulcus

Temporal Lobe

Right below the temporal bones, the Lobes that control auditory and language information

Olfactory bulb

Plays a large roll in the sense of smell. Olfactory tract is connected

Optic Chiasm

The x shaped structure that is crucial to the visual pathway and optic nerve

Optic Nerve

A bundle of Nerve fibers that transmit information from the eyes to the brain

Optic Tract

The back 2 stems of the optic chasm. Part of the visual passageway

Mammillary Body

Play a role in memory and spacial navigation