Specialist Solid Wastes

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16 Terms

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What are specialist wastes?

Solid wastes with particular risks and need to be separated and treated individually

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Why are specialist wastes hazardous?

If they are released into the environment, they will cause serious pollution

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Name the specialist wastes

Asbestos

Cyanide

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What is asbestos? SMF

A silicate mineral fibre previously used as an insulating material and is carcinogenic.

Use has been virtually eliminated since its peak in the 1980s

<p>A silicate mineral fibre previously used as an insulating material and is carcinogenic.</p><p>Use has been virtually eliminated since its peak in the 1980s</p>
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What was asbestos used for?

- Strengthening cement roof panels

- Insulation

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Why is asbestos dangerous?

- If asbestos disintegrates and the fibres become airborne, they can be inhaled.

- The fibres can cause irritation and lead to asbestosis.

<p>- If asbestos disintegrates and the fibres become airborne, they can be inhaled.</p><p>- The fibres can cause irritation and lead to asbestosis.</p>
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What is asbestosis?

Scar tissue is produced in the lungs, and it thickens the alveoli, so gaseous exchange is slowed and breathing becomes more difficult

<p>Scar tissue is produced in the lungs, and it thickens the alveoli, so gaseous exchange is slowed and breathing becomes more difficult</p>
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What cancer is caused by asbestos?

Mesothelioma

<p>Mesothelioma</p>
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Mesothelioma

Cancer of the tissue that covers many internal organs, including the lungs

Takes decades to develop.

<p>Cancer of the tissue that covers many internal organs, including the lungs</p><p>Takes decades to develop.</p>
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How many cases of mesothelioma are caused by asbestos?

Over 80%

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Encapsulation of Asbestos

Asbestos wastes require special handling.

They need to be double wrapped in heavy duty polythene bags in a specialised landfill site where the waste contents are recorded

As long as asbestos is encapsulated and remains intact, it is not dangerous.

<p>Asbestos wastes require special handling.</p><p>They need to be double wrapped in heavy duty polythene bags in a specialised landfill site where the waste contents are recorded</p><p>As long as asbestos is encapsulated and remains intact, it is not dangerous.</p>
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What is cyanide?

A chemical that evaporates quickly and prevents the cells from using O₂

<p>A chemical that evaporates quickly and prevents the cells from using O₂</p>
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Cyanide compounds

Cyanide compounds include triple bonds between carbon and nitrogen atoms.

A fourth bond links the carbon atom to an element such as hydrogen or sodium.

<p>Cyanide compounds include triple bonds between carbon and nitrogen atoms.</p><p>A fourth bond links the carbon atom to an element such as hydrogen or sodium.</p>
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What are cyanide compounds used for?

- Manufacture of paper, textiles, and plastics

- Electroplating, metal cleaning, and gold extraction - These all use salts of cyanide

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Why is cyanide dangerous?

- Cyanide poisons the mitochondrial ETC and renders the body unable to derive ATP from oxygen.

- It binds to the a3 portion (complex IV) of cytochrome oxidase and prevents cells from using oxygen, causing rapid death.

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How to dispose of cyanide wastes?

- Incineration

- That way the carbon and nitrogen are separated and oxidised

- CO₂ and NOx's produced are a much smaller pollution problem in comparison