Your Canadian Citizenship Study Guide

A comprehensive set of flashcards based on the Canadian Citizenship Study Guide, focusing on key events, figures, and developments in Canadian history.

What were Aboriginal peoples in Canada called by Europeans during exploration?

Indians

What lifestyle did the Huron-Wendat and Iroquois of the Great Lakes region lead?

They were farmers and hunters.

Which Aboriginal groups were primarily hunter-gatherers?

The Cree and Dene.

What animal did the Sioux follow in their nomadic lifestyle?

Bison (buffalo).

How did West Coast natives preserve fish?

By drying and smoking.

What major impact did European arrival have on Aboriginal peoples?

It changed their way of life forever and led to large numbers of deaths due to European diseases.

What was the first European settlement in Canada?

Established by the Vikings at l'Anse aux Meadows.

Who was the first European to explore Canada’s East Coast in 1497?

John Cabot.

What term did Jacques Cartier use to claim land for France?

Kanata, meaning 'village'.

What was significant about the Quebec Act of 1774?

It allowed Catholics to hold public office and restored French civil law.

Who was Count Frontenac?

Governor of Quebec who refused to surrender to the English in 1690.

What was Royal New France?

French settlements in North America established primarily by explorers like Samuel de Champlain.

Which group did Champlain ally with to defend against the Iroquois?

The Algonquin and Montagnais.

What drove the vast fur-trade economy in Canada?

The high demand for beaver pelts in Europe.

What did King Charles II grant to the Hudson’s Bay Company in 1670?

Exclusive trading rights over the watershed draining into Hudson Bay.

What major battle marked the end of France’s empire in America?

The Battle of the Plains of Abraham in 1759.

What did the British Parliament do to accommodate French Canadians after the conquest of Quebec?

Passed the Quebec Act of 1774.

What are Loyalists in Canadian history?

People loyal to the British Crown who fled to Canada during the American Revolution.

Which act split the Province of Quebec into Upper and Lower Canada?

The Constitutional Act of 1791.

Who was Sir John A. Macdonald?

Canada’s first Prime Minister and a Father of Confederation.

What was the purpose of the and Confederation from 1864 to 1867?

To establish a new country, the Dominion of Canada.

What did the Dominion of Canada refer to?

A nation from sea to sea, reflecting the provincial unity of Canada.

What major labour force contributed to the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway?

Chinese workers.

When did Canada officially become a Dominion?

July 1, 1867.

What does Vimy Day commemorate?

The Canadian victory at the Battle of Vimy Ridge on April 9, 1917.

Who was the first woman MP in Canada?

Agnes Macphail.

What event marked the beginning of the Second World War?

Hitler's invasion of Poland in 1939.

What was Canada's major contribution to the Allied air effort during the Second World War?

Training over 130,000 Allied air crew under the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan.

How did Canada help in the Battle of the Atlantic during World War II?

By protecting convoys of merchant ships against German submarines.

What was the major consequence of the D-Day invasion for Canadians?

It marked a significant national achievement as they captured Juno Beach.

Who was John Graves Simcoe?

Upper Canada’s first Lieutenant Governor and founder of the City of York.

How did women's suffrage evolve in Canada during the early 20th century?

Women gained the right to vote federally in 1917 and, by 1918, most women over 21 could vote.

What year marked the official establishment of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police?

1873.

What major social movement did Dr. Emily Stowe lead in Canada?

The women's suffrage movement.

What was the effect of the stock market crash of 1929 on Canada?

It led to the Great Depression with high unemployment and demand for a social safety net.

Who was Louis Riel and what was his significance?

He led uprisings for Métis rights and is seen as a hero in Quebec.

What major event leads to the founding of the Dominion of Canada?

Confederation in 1867 of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and the Province of Canada.

Who were the Fathers of Confederation in Canada?

The leaders who founded the Dominion of Canada.

What did the British North America Act establish?

The legislative framework for the new country of Canada.

What was the Canadian military's role during the Boer War?

Over 7,000 Canadians volunteered, strengthening national pride.

What is celebrated on Remembrance Day in Canada?

To honor the sacrifices of Canadian military members who served in wars.

What did the poem 'In Flanders Fields' memorialize?

It commemorates those who died in Flanders during World War I.

What did the War of 1812 demonstrate about Canadian identity?

It underscored a growing sense of independence from the United States.

What was the impact of the residential schools on Indigenous peoples?

It aimed to assimilate Indigenous children, erasing their culture and identity.

In what year did Canada apologize for the Japanese internment?

1988.

What sector contributed to Canada's economy during the early years of settlement?

Farming and exporting natural resources.

Who was Pierre Le Moyne, Sieur d'Iberville?

A great hero of New France with victories against the English.

What significant law was passed in 1833 in relation to slavery?

Slavery was abolished throughout the British Empire.

What did the term 'Loyalists' refer to in Canadian history?

Those who remained loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolution.

When was the first financial institution opened in Canada?

In the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

What significant achievement did Laura Secord make during the War of 1812?

She warned British soldiers of an impending American attack.

When did the Canadian government create the Bank of Canada?

In 1934.

What was the significance of the Hudson’s Bay Company?

It established trading rights over the water sheds into Hudson Bay.

What was the primary cause of conflict during the War of 1812?

American resentment at British interference with American shipping.

What key event took place on May 8, 1945?

The surrender of Germany, marking the end of the Second World War in Europe.

What was established in 1918 regarding women's voting rights in Canada?

Majority of Canadian female citizens aged 21 and over could vote in federal elections.

What was the main message of the Canadian war memorials?

To honor and remember the sacrifices made by Canadian soldiers.

When was the first representative assembly elected in Canada?

In Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1758.

Which areas merged to create the Dominion of Canada on July 1, 1867?

Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia.

What was the response of Canadians during World War I when faced with conscription?

It led to significant division within the country.

How did the economy of Canada change post-World War II?

It experienced significant growth and industrialization.

What percentage of unemployed Canadians reached during the Great Depression in 1933?

27%.

What challenge did Canada face in the West when it took over the Northwest?

The Métis uprising led by Louis Riel due to lack of consultation.

What role did the Canadian military play in the Second World War?

They contributed significantly to battles in Europe and the Pacific.