Human Skeletal Anatony

Anatomic Position

the standard position of the body used in anatomy, where the person stands upright, facing forward, arms at the sides with palms facing forward, and feet together

Sagittal Plane

divides the body into left and right sides

Coronal Plane

divides the body into anterior and posterior sections

Oblique Plane

a plane that passes though at an angle, diving the body into superior and inferior

Horizontal Plane

divides the body into superior and inferior sections

Medial

refers to a position nearer to the midline of the body, compared to other structures.

Lateral

refers to a position farther from the midline of the body, compared to other structures.

Proximal

refers to a position closets to an attachment point

distal

refers to a position that’s farther away from the attachment point

Superior

Referring to the upper half

Inferior

referring to the lower half of the body

posterior (dorsal)

referring to the back side

Anterior (ventral)

referring to the front side

Base plane

Bottom part of nose to back of skull

Occlusal Plane

referring to the biting surfaces of the upper and lower teeth with the jaw closed

Flexion

brining toward the body; decreasing the angle

Extension

Moving away from the body; increasing the angle

Hyperextension

bending way beyond normal line

Medial rotation

moving towards the body (inward)

Lateral Rotation

Moving away from body (outwards)

Hyperextension (wrist)

extends upward beyond the neutral position

Acute Flexion (wrist)

posterior aspect of the wrist

Abduction

Move out (away) from the body

Adduction

moving back in towards the body

protraction (jaw)

push the jaw out

retraction (jaw)

brining the jaw back in

Supination (hand)

rotational movement upwards

pronation (hand)

rotational movement downward

plantar flexion (foot)

pointing the foot downward

dorsiflexion

pointing the foot upwards

eversion (foot)

rotating the foot away from the midline

inversion (foot)

rotating the foot towards the midline

Elevation (shoulders)

lifting the shoulders up

Depression (shoulders)

relaxing or dropping the shoulders

Superficial

Towards the surface/skin

Deep

away from the surface/skin

appendicular skeleton

referring to the upper and lower extremities; including the pelvis and shoulders(128 bones)

Axial Skeleton

referring to the trunk of the body (80 bones)

Arthrology

the study of joints

Structural joint

What’s holding the joints together

Functional Joints

How it can move

Syndesmosis

Slightly moveable (amphianthroidal)

Suture

immovable (synorthroidal)

Gomphosis

amphiarthroidal

Symphyses

amphiarthroidal

synchondroses

synorthrodial

Plane

gliding (flexing fingers)

Ginglymus

hinge (flex and extend)

Trochoid

pivot (crossover)

Ellipsoid

Condyloid (one plane)

sellar

saddle (everyway)

Spheroidal

ball and joint (hip and shoulder)

Bicondylar

open and close (jaw)