APUSH Time Period 4

Thomas Jefferson

3rd President of the United States

Revolution of 1800

nickname for election of 1800. first peaceful transfer of power between political parties. set a precedent for the future.

Louisiana Purchase

territory in western United States purchased from France in 1803 for $15 million. doubles the size of the country and encourages western expansion.

Manifest Destiny

belief that it is the US's God given destiny to have this land

Louis and Clark

Sent by Thomas Jefferson to Explore west of the Mississippi River (The Louisina Purchase)

John Marshall

2nd Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Instates Judicial review.

Judicial Review

The power of the courts to declare laws unconstitutional

Marbury vs Madison

1st case to use judicial review

Barbary Pirates

North Africans who attacked American ships and tried to ransom American sailors

Impressment

Britain kidnapping US sailors and forcing them to fight for Britain

Embargo Act

banned trade with Britain and France

Chesapeake Incident

example of impressment, Jefferson attempts at peaceable coercion

James Madison

4th President, after Jefferson

War Hawks

Southerners and Westerners who were eager for war with Britain.

Tecumseh

a famous chief of the Shawnee who tried to unite Indian tribes against the increasing white settlement (1768-1813)

The Prophet

Tecumseh's brother, spiritual leader

William Henry Harrison

Indiana governor that fought with Tecumseh

Mr. Madison's War

Derisive Federalist name for the War of 1812 that blamed it on the Republican president

Treaty of Ghent

Ended the War of 1812

Battle of New Orleans

Jackson led a battle that occurred when British troops attacked U.S. soldiers in New Orleans on January 8, 1815; the War of 1812 had officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Ghent in December, 1814, but word had not yet reached the U.S.

James Monroe

5th President, Era of Good Feelings

Nationalism

pride in one's country that increased because the US didn't lose against Britain

Henry Clay

The Great Compromiser, culturally represents the west

Sectionalism

Loyalty to a region

The American System

Economic program advanced by Henry Clay that included support for a national bank, high tariffs, and internal improvements; emphasized strong role for federal government in the economy.

Panic of 1819

Ist time the US economy crashed

Election of 1816

James Monroe (D-R) wins by a landslide, giving the appearance of political unity

John Quincy Adams

Monroe's secretary of state and 6th US president

Missouri Compromise

an agreement in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States concerning the extension of slavery into new territories

Henry Clay draws a line at 36-30 latitude

Andrew Jackson

7th President - Old Hickory

Monroe Doctrine

A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere.

Adams-Onis Treaty

Agreement in which Spain gave up all of Florida to the United States

Erie Canal

an artificial waterway connecting the Hudson river at Albany with Lake Erie at Buffalo - American System in Action

Market Revolution

forging of the national economy from local to national economy, subsistence agriculture to national industry and commerce

cotton gin

machine that sped up cotton production, increased demand for slaves

Samuel Morse

invented the telegraph

Jacksonian Democracy

ideology appealing to the common man, rooted in Jeffersonian policies

Spoils System

the system of employing and promoting civil servants who are friends and supporters of the group in power

The Corrupt Bargain

Henry Clay allegedly works behind the scenes with JQA to swing votes against Jackson, since he didn't win by the required amount

Presidential Veto

Jackson uses this power alot

Indian Removal Act

Passed in 1830, authorized Andrew Jackson to negotiate land-exchange treaties with tribes living east of the Mississippi. The treaties enacted under this act's provisions paved the way for the reluctant—and often forcible—emigration of tens of thousands of American Indians to the West.

Jackson Coalition

the planter elite in the south, people on the frontier, state politicians (spoils system), immigrants in the cities

Nullification Crisis

Argument between South Carolina and the federal government regarding the role of national government

John C. Calhoun

VP during Jackson's first term, went behind his back to encourage South Carolina to reject tariff of 1828

Tariff of Abominations

Tariff passed by Congress in 1828 that favored manufacturing in the North and was hated by the South

Whig Party

Political party formed in 1834 to oppose policies of Andrew Jackson

King Andrew

Nickname given to President Andrew Jackson when his opponents did not like his use of the veto power.

antebellum

before war (specifically civil war)

antebellum reform movement

a sudden motivation to engage in social reform, prompted by the second great awakening. mainly focused on women's rights and the abolition of slavery. people begin to think that if the government won't solve the problems they care about, then they will.

gradualists

wanted to end slavery gradually

immediatists

wanted emancipation at once

William Lloyd Garrison

immediatist. one of the first people to talk about the moral issues of slavery.

Gag Rule

law prohibiting discussion of slavery in congress to avoid congress

second great awakening

a revival of religious belief that also sparked several social movements.

hydra of corruption

Andrew Jackson's nickname for the national bank. every time he tried to limit its power, it came back stronger.

Cult of Domesticity

a woman's sphere is in the home, supporting traditional gender roles. goes hand in hand with a patriarchal society.

Seneca Falls Convention

the first national women's rights event at which the Declaration of Sentiments was written

Grimke Sisters

womens rights advocates and abolitionists

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

A prominent advocate of women's rights, she organized the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention with Lucretia Mott

Lucretia Mott

womens rights advocate who worked with Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Dorothea Dix

leader of the prison/asylum reform movement

prison/asylum reform

movement to recognize that people separated from society need to have and deserve basic rights