OCD and PTSD Overview

These flashcards cover key definitions and concepts related to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), as discussed in the lecture.

Obsessions

Recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images experienced as intrusive and unwanted that cause anxiety or distress.

Compulsions

Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rigid rules.

OCD

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder characterized by the presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both that are time-consuming and cause significant distress.

Exposure and Response Prevention

A treatment for OCD involving repeated exposure to anxiety-inducing stimuli while resisting the accompanying compulsive behaviors.

PTSD

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, a psychological disorder that can occur after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event.

Intrusion Symptoms

Recurrent, involuntary memories, dreams, flashbacks, or intense psychological distress related to a traumatic event.

Negative Alterations in Cognitions

Persistent negative beliefs or distorted cognitions about oneself or the world following a traumatic event.

Avoidance Symptoms

Efforts to avoid distressing memories, thoughts, or external reminders associated with a traumatic event.

Hypervigilance

A state of increased alertness and sensitivity to potential threats, often experienced in PTSD.

Two-Factor Theory of Anxious Responding

A theory postulating that anxiety disorders, like PTSD, develop through both classical and operant conditioning.

What are some common symptoms of PTSD?

Common symptoms include intrusive thoughts, avoidance behaviors, negative changes in mood and cognition, and heightened arousal.

What is hyperarousal in PTSD?

Hyperarousal refers to symptoms like increased alertness, difficulty sleeping, irritability, and exaggerated startle responses.

What is avoidance behavior in PTSD?

Avoidance behavior involves steering clear of reminders of the trauma, including people, places, or activities associated with the event.

How can PTSD affect a person's mood?

PTSD can lead to negative changes in mood such as feelings of hopelessness, emotional numbness, and detachment from others.

What are intrusive thoughts in PTSD?

Intrusive thoughts are unwanted memories or flashbacks related to the traumatic event that can cause distress.

What criteria determine if an event is traumatic?

An event is considered traumatic if it involves a direct threat to life or physical integrity, or involves witnessing such an event occurring to others.

How does individual perception influence trauma?

The individual's perception of the event and their coping mechanisms can significantly influence whether they experience the event as traumatic.

What role does proximity to a traumatic event play?

Close proximity to the traumatic event, either physically or emotionally, often increases the likelihood of developing PTSD.

Can non-physical events be considered traumatic?

Yes, non-physical events such as emotional abuse, neglect, and witnessing violence can also be traumatic and lead to PTSD symptoms.

What impact does trauma exposure have on mental health?

Exposure to traumatic events can lead to various mental health issues, including PTSD, anxiety disorders, and depression.