Realism and Ibsen's Influence on Literature

Realism

Literary movement from 1840 to 1900.

Henrik Ibsen

Norwegian playwright, 1828-1906, key realist figure.

A Doll's House

Ibsen's influential play, published in 1879.

Hedda Gabler

Ibsen's play, published in 1890, explores societal constraints.

Political Unrest

50 revolutions in 1848 reflected societal discontent.

Proletariat

Exploited lower class in Marxist theory.

Bourgeois

Factory owners exploiting the proletariat class.

On the Origin of Species

Darwin's 1861 work on evolution and natural selection.

Industrial Revolution

Period marked by rapid industrial growth and inventions.

Emerging Middle Class

New social class gaining power through education.

Old Regime

Established social order losing power to middle class.

Breakthrough Inventions

Innovations like electric light and telephone accelerated industry.

Conflict Between Classes

Struggle between old regime and emerging middle class.

Romantic Era

Literary movement emphasizing imagination and emotion.

Age of Realism

Focus on intellect, reason, and reality in literature.

Social Theories

New ideas challenging traditional views during realism.

Marx and Engels

Authors of The Communist Manifesto, 1848.

Darwin's Theory

Struggle for survival defines species evolution.

Telegraph

Communication invention that revolutionized information exchange.

Electric Motor

Invention that transformed industrial machinery efficiency.

Machine Gun

Weapon that changed warfare dynamics during this era.

Barbed Wire

Invention that impacted land use and agriculture.