The Reproductive System

andr/o

male

balan/o

glans penis

epididym/o

epididymis

orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o

testis or testicle

prostat/o

prostate gland

vas/o

vessel, duct, or vas deferens

vesicul/o

seminal vesicle

cervic/o

cervix or neck of the uterus

colp/o, vagin/o

vagina

endometri/o

endometrium or inner uterine lining

episi/o, vulv/o

vulva or external female genitalia

gynec/o, gyn/o

woman or female

hymen/o

hymen

hyster/o, metr/o, uter/o

uterus or womb

mamm/o, mast/o

breast

men/o

menstruation or menses

oophor/o

ovary

ov/o, ov/i

egg or ovum

perine/o

perineum or area between genitals and anus

salping/o, -salpinx

fallopian tube or uterine tube

-arche

beginning or first

-gravida

pregnant woman

-para

to give birth to a viable fetus

-pexy

surgical fixation or suspension

-tocia

labor or childbirth

Gametes

Reproductive sex cells (sperm/ova) that join to form a fetus

Gonads

Primary sex organs (testes/ovaries) producing gametes and hormones

Spermatogenesis

Sperm cell development/production in seminiferous tubules

Scrotum

External sac containing and protecting the testes

Epididymis

Coiled tube behind testis for sperm maturation/storage

Vas deferens

Tube transporting sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct

Prostate gland

Gland surrounding urethra secreting fluid to enhance sperm motility

Uterus

Muscular organ nourishing developing fetus

Endometrium

Vascular inner uterine lining that sheds during menstruation

Cervix

Narrow, inferior neck of the uterus

Vagina

Muscular tube connecting uterus to external genitalia

Menarche

First occurrence of menstruation

Menopause

Permanent cessation of menstruation

Amenorrhea

Absence of menstruation

Andropause

Decrease in male testosterone/male menopause

Azoospermia

Absence of live sperm in semen

Oligospermia

Low sperm count

Cervicitis

Inflammation of the uterine cervix

Dysmenorrhea

Painful menstruation

Ectopic pregnancy

Fertilized ovum implanting outside the uterus

Endometriosis

Endometrial tissue growing outside the uterus

Varicocele

Dilated veins in the scrotum

Amniocentesis

Surgical puncture of the uterus to obtain amniotic fluid

Colposcopy

Visual examination of the vagina and cervix

Hysterectomy

Surgical removal of the uterus

Oophorectomy

Surgical removal of ovaries

Orchiopexy

Surgical fixation of an undescended testicle

Vasectomy

Surgical ligation of the vas deferens for sterilization