Plumbing Systems-Grease Trap

Plumbing Systems

Systems of pipes, valves, fixtures and other apparatus of a water supply or sewage system. The art and technique of installing pipes, fixtures, and other apparatuses in buildings for bringing in the supply of liquids, substances, and/or ingridients and removing them.

Rain Water

Collected from roofs or buildings and special water sheds and stored in cisterns or ponds.

Natural Surface Water

Obtained from ponds, lakes and rivers.

Ground Water

Obtained from underground by means of mechanical and manual equipment. From springs and walls and is the principal source of water for domestic use in most rural areas.

Service Pipe

pipe from the street water main or other source of water supply to the building served.

Water Meter

measures in liters or gallons the amount of water that passes through the water service.

Horizontal Supply Main

principal water distribution pipe running from the water meter from which the various branches and risers to the fixtures are taken.

Riser

water supply pipe extending vertically to one full story or more to convey water into pipe branches or plumbing fixtures.

Fixture Branch

water supply pipe between the fixture supply pipe and the water distributing pipe.

Controls and Valves

used for control, isolation and repair of the water distribution system.

Direct Upfeed System

water is provided by the city ware companies using normal pressure from public water main.

Pneumatic System

used when pressure supplied by city water is inadequate. Compressed air is used to raise and push water into the system.

Gravity System

water is pumped into a large tank on top of the building and is distributed to the fixtures by means of gravity.

Gate Valve

also called "Full-way Valve". Used to completely close or open the water line.

Globe Valve

controls the flow of water with a movable spindle and can reduce water pressure. Only one side of the valve is an inlet.

Check Valve

valve that prevents reversal of flow in the line.

Angle Valve

works like a Globe Valve. Makes a 90 degree turn in the plumbing line and reduces the number of joints.

Butterfly Valve

valve that regulates a fluid flowing through a section of pipe.

Foot Valve

valve that prevents loss of priming of the pumps.

Safety Valve

valve used on water systems, heating systems, compressed air lines and other pipe lines with excessive pressure.

Compression Cock

faucet that has a compression of a soft packing upon a metal sheet.

Key Cock

round tapering plug ground to fit a metal sheet. Also called "Hose Bibb" which has grooves fir for a hose.

Ball Faucet

faucet which is constructed with a ball connected to the handle.

Water Closet

fixture consisting of a ceramic bowl with a detachable, hinged seat and lid and a device for flushing with water, used for defecation and urination. Also called Toilet.

375mm

Water closet center to Side Wall distance

750mm

Water Closet Center to WC Center distance

Wash Down

flushes through a simple wash down action. Discharges waste into a trapway located at the front of the bowl. Has a bulge on the front and a small amount of standing water. Costs less but is least efficient and noisiest.

Reverse Trap

flushes through a siphon action created in the trapway. Trap located at the rear, hencee the term "Reverse".

Siphon Jet

has a larger trapway making it less likely to clog and has a quieter flushing action. Retains a large amount of standing water.

Siphon Vortex

less noisy and very efficient. Flushing action is started by a whirlpool motion followed by a complete flush down. Retains a large amount of standing water.

Direct Flash

Valve flushing action is obtained from a flush valve connected into the bowl.

Waste Pipe

pipe that conveys only wastewater or liquid waste free of fecal matter.

Vent Pipe

ensures the circulation of air in a plumbing system and relieves the negative pressure exerted on trap seals.

Trap

fitting or device designed and constructed to provide, when properly vented, a liquid seal which prevents the backflow or foul air or methane gas without materially affecting the flow of sewage or wastewater through it.

Stack

vertical main of a system of soil, waste or vent pipings extending through one or more stories and extended through the roof.

Branch

any part of the piping system other than a main, riser, or stack.

House/Building Drain

part of the lowest horizontal piping of a plumbing system which receives the discharges from soil, waste and other drainage pipes inside of a building and conveys it to the house sewer outside of the building.

House/Building Sewer

extends from the house drain at a 600mm from the outside face of the foundation wall of a building to the junction with the street sewer or to any point of discharge, and conveying the drainage of one building site.

Septic Tank

covered watertight tank for receiving the discharge from a building sewer, separating out the solid organic matter which is decomposed and purified by anaerobic bacteria, and allowing the clarified liquid to discharge for final disposal.

Scum

layer of sewage matter that rises to the surface of the sewage in a septic tank.

Sludge

sediment that settles out of sewage, forming a semi-solid mass on the bottom of a septic tank.

Effluent

liquid content of sewage

15000mm

Septic tanks should be at least _______ from the water distribution system

2

Septic tanks must have a minimum of ____ compartments.

2

Minimum slope or pitch of horizontal drainage pipes is ___%

Common P-trap

trap used for lavatories, kitchen sinks, laundry tubs, and urinals.

Deep Seal P-trap

water seal is one and a hald to twice the size of the Common P-trap.

Stand Trap

trap for slop sinks that are usually built low in the ground, leaving very little space for a foundation and a trap. Serves as a water seal and structural support for the fixture.

Drum Trap

trap that has a large diameter and lengths ranging from 200-320mm. used for fixtures that discharge large amount of water (bathtubs, shower, or floor drains).

Running Trap

trap used within the line of house drain.

S-trap

predecessor of P-trap

VENTILATION SYSTEM

Portion of the drainage pipe installation intended to maintain a balanced atmospheric pressure inside the system.

Vent Pipe

a pipe or opening used for ensuring the circulation of air in a plumbing system and for relieving the negative pressure exerted on trap seals.

Main Soil and Waste Vent

the backbone of the entire sanitary system. Connected to the Main Soil and Waste Stack. The portion where waste does not travel through. Continues to the roof. The portion penetrating the roof is called the Vent Stack Through Roof (VSTR).

Main Vent

principal artery of the venting system to which vent branches are connected. Also called "Collecting Vent Line". Serves as support to the Main Soil and Waste Vent.

Individual Vent/Back Vent

a pipe installed to vent a fixture trap, that connects with the vent system above the fixture served or terminates in the open air.

Unit Common/Dual Vent

arrangement of venting installed where one vent pipe serves 2 traps.

Relief Vent

vertical vent line that provides additional circulation of air between the drainage and vent systems or acts as an auxiliary vent on a specially designed system such as a "Yoke Vent" connection between the soil and vent stacks.

Yoke/By-pass Vent

pipe connecting upward from a soil or waste stack below the floor and below horizontal connection to an adjacent vent stack at a point above the floor.

Circuit Vent

group vent pipe which starts in front of the extreme fixture connection on a horizontal branch and connects to the vent stack. Also called "Loop vent". Serves a battery of fixtures.

Looped Vent

vertical vent connection on a horizontal soil or waste pipe branch at a point downstream of the last fixture connection and turning to a horizontal line above the highest overflow level of the highest fixture connected there. Used in spaces without partitions.

Wet Vent

portion of a vent pipe through which wastewater also flows through.

Dry Vent

vent that does not carry liquid or water-borne wastes.

Local Vent

pipe or shaft to convey foul air from a plumbing fixture or a room to the outer air. Commonly used in bathroom without windows.

Stack Vent

extension of a soil or waste stack above the highest horizontal drain connected to the stack.

Vent Stack

vertical vent pipe installed primarily for providing circulation of air to and from any part of the soil, waste of the drainage system.

GREASE TRAPS

Used for fixtures where grease may be introduced into the drainage or sewer system in quantities that can effect line stoppage or hinder sewage treatment or private sewage disposal. For restaurants, cafes, lunch counters, cafeterias, bars and clubs, hotels, hospitals, sanitarium, factories, or school kitchens. Not required for individual dwelling units.

scullery

water fixture classification; kitchen sinks, laundry tub, bar sinks