practice ptcb

Green leafy vegetables affect the therapeutic impact of which drug?

warfarin

warfarin is a…

vit. k antagonist and a anticoagulant (blood thinner)

ACE inhibitors are used to treat…

hypertension, chronic heart failure, as well as to reduce the progression of diabetic nephropathy

Ace inhibitors have what suffix?

-pril

ramipril, enalapril, and perindopril are all

ACE inhibitors

Amitriptyline is a…

tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) used to treat moderate-to-severe depression where first-line drugs, such as SSRIs, have proven ineffective

Sertraline, fluvoxamine, and paroxetine are what kind of drug?

SSRI antidepressants

Amitriptyline’s brand name is?

Elavil

Sertraline’s brand name?

zoloft

Fluvoxamine’s brand name?

Fluvox

Fluoxetine’s brand name?

Prozac

Z-drugs are indicated to treat which condition?

insomnia

Z drugs are a

short-term treatment (max. of 4 weeks)

zolpidem, zaleplon, zopiclone are all what kind of drug?

Z drugs used for insominia

Fluoroquinolones belong to which class of medicines?

antibacterial drugs

ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin all belong to which drug class?

antibacterial drugs

Nitrofurantoin, a drug used to treat urinary tract infections, is known to discolor urine what color?

brown

Nitrofurantoin treats what condition?

UTIs

What are H2 receptor antagonists used to treat?

dyspepsia, excess gastric acid production, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Which of the following drugs is a H2 receptor antagonist?

Ranitidine

Which of these antihypertensive drugs should be avoided in gestational hypertension and why?

Ramipril because it is an ACE inhibitor and, teratogenic (harmful to the fetus)

What does gestational hypertension mean?

hypertension in pregnancy

What is allopurinol used to treat?

Gout

what drug class does allopurinol belong to?

the xanthine oxidase inhibitor class of medicines

Which of these antibacterial drug classes is associated with tooth discoloration and photosensitivity?

Tetracyclines

minocycline and tetracycline are examples of?

antibacterials

Protease inhibitors are an example of a drug class used to combat which of these conditions?

HIV/AIDS

lopinavir, ritonavir, darunavir, and atazanavir belong to which drug class?

Protease inhibitors

cetirizine, loratadine, fexofenadine, chlorpheniramine belong to which drug class?

H1 antagonists

Beta-blockers can be identified with which suffix?

-lol

bisoprolol, metoprolol, carvedilol, atenolol belong to which drug class?

beta blockers

what do beta blockers do?

lower blood pressure and heart rate by blocking the effects of adrenaline on the heart and blood vessels

What is the active ingredient of the medicine, Prozac?

Fluoxetine

what is prozac used for?

its an antidepressant

Which of the following are example of a long-acting insulin?

Insulin detemir (Levemir) and Insulin glargine (Lantus)

how long do long acting insulins work for?

24 hours

what is insulin detemir’s brand name?

levemir

what is insulin glargine brand name?

lantus

Which of the following drugs is an example of a potassium-sparing diuretic?

Amiloride

Which of these drugs works as a calcium channel blocker?

Diltiazem

what do calcium channel blockers treat?

high blood pressure (hypertension) and are effective antiarrhythmic drugs

what is Diltiazem brand name?

Cardizem

Metformin belongs to which of the following antidiabetic drug classes?

Biguanide

what do Anticholinergic drugs do?

they oppose the effects of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine.

Which of the following is NOT an example of an anticholinergic side effect?

Diarrhea

Which of the following drugs is NOT an NSAID?

Acetaminophen

NSAIDs include:

ibuprofen, aspirin, and diclofenac

What do NSAIDS do?

they are anti inflammatory

What is Acetaminophen used to treat?

mild pain and fever

Statins work by inhibiting the effects of what enzyme?

HMG-CoA reductase

Milk can reduce the effectiveness of which of these drugs?

Tetracycline

Which of these antiplatelet drugs works as an ADP receptor inhibitor?

Clopidogrel

Aspirin, Abciximab, Dipyridamole, and Clopidogrel are all what kind of drug?

antiplatelet drugs

Patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are advised to avoid foods that contain which of these?

Tyramine

phenelzine, isocarboxazid, and tranylcypromine belong to which drug class?

MAO inhibitors

Alendronate is used in the treatment of which condition?

Osteoporosis

Alendronate, pamidronate and zoledronic acid belong to which drug class?

bisphosphonates

what do bisphosphonates treat?

bone-related conditions such as osteoporosis, Paget’s disease of bone, and severe hypercalcemia of malignancy

What is the mechanism of action of albuterol, formoterol, terbutaline, and salmeterol?

Beta-2 receptor agonism

Which of these drug classes work by enhancing the binding of GABA to the GABA A receptor?

Benzodiazepines

what are Benzodiazepines used to treat

seizures, alcohol withdrawal, sedation for surgical procedures, anxiety, and insomnia

diazepam, temazepam, flunitrazepam, and midazolam, belong to which drug class?

Benzodiazepines

what drug class works by causeing smooth muscle relaxation in the lungs, facilitating the breathing process

Beta-2 receptor agonism