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20 Terms

1

What is a key feature of North Africa's geography?

It is hilly.

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2

Name two diverse landscapes mentioned in the lecture.

Levantine and desert.

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3

How did the Mediterranean geography aid agriculture?

The ease of access to the sea made agriculture easy.

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4

What is maritime archaeology related to in the context of the Mediterranean?

The connection of diverse landscapes via the sea.

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5

List three staples of Mediterranean food mentioned.

Olives, olive oil, and hummus.

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6

What significant change occurred in the Mediterranean landscape around 8000 years ago?

Island shrinkage due to ice melting in the Holocene.

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7

What Roman port did ancient Rome rely on?

The port of Ostia.

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8

When was Rome founded?

753 BCE.

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9

Which two civilizations influenced Roman culture, according to the lecture?

Greeks and Etruscans.

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10

What was a major benefit of Roman seapower?

Access to resources from various regions.

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11

What were two architectural innovations of the Romans?

Aqueducts and arches.

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12

What is the term used to describe the virtual water resources in food production?

Virtual water (VW).

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13

According to Dermody et al., what factors affect virtual water redistribution?

Political power and economic power.

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14

What is Dermody et al.'s estimate of grain consumption per person per year in the Roman world?

200 kg of grain/person per year.

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15

What agricultural practice was noted in the Roman period?

Fields were cropped continuously for two years followed by a fallow year.

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16

How does land quality relate to agriculture in the lecture notes?

Land quality is better when flat.

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17

What relationship did Romans have with their water networks?

They managed local water through dams and aqueducts.

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18

What were two types of crops primarily focused on in Dermody et al.'s model?

Cereal crops, specifically wheat.

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19

What notable risk is associated with virtual water redistribution in urban areas?

Overshooting ecohydrological carrying capacities.

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20

How did the heterogeneity of the Mediterranean environment benefit the Romans?

It provided resilience to interannual climate variability.

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