10/28 lecture

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20 Terms

1
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What is a key feature of North Africa's geography?

It is hilly.

2
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Name two diverse landscapes mentioned in the lecture.

Levantine and desert.

3
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How did the Mediterranean geography aid agriculture?

The ease of access to the sea made agriculture easy.

4
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What is maritime archaeology related to in the context of the Mediterranean?

The connection of diverse landscapes via the sea.

5
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List three staples of Mediterranean food mentioned.

Olives, olive oil, and hummus.

6
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What significant change occurred in the Mediterranean landscape around 8000 years ago?

Island shrinkage due to ice melting in the Holocene.

7
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What Roman port did ancient Rome rely on?

The port of Ostia.

8
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When was Rome founded?

753 BCE.

9
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Which two civilizations influenced Roman culture, according to the lecture?

Greeks and Etruscans.

10
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What was a major benefit of Roman seapower?

Access to resources from various regions.

11
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What were two architectural innovations of the Romans?

Aqueducts and arches.

12
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What is the term used to describe the virtual water resources in food production?

Virtual water (VW).

13
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According to Dermody et al., what factors affect virtual water redistribution?

Political power and economic power.

14
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What is Dermody et al.'s estimate of grain consumption per person per year in the Roman world?

200 kg of grain/person per year.

15
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What agricultural practice was noted in the Roman period?

Fields were cropped continuously for two years followed by a fallow year.

16
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How does land quality relate to agriculture in the lecture notes?

Land quality is better when flat.

17
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What relationship did Romans have with their water networks?

They managed local water through dams and aqueducts.

18
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What were two types of crops primarily focused on in Dermody et al.'s model?

Cereal crops, specifically wheat.

19
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What notable risk is associated with virtual water redistribution in urban areas?

Overshooting ecohydrological carrying capacities.

20
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How did the heterogeneity of the Mediterranean environment benefit the Romans?

It provided resilience to interannual climate variability.