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What is a key feature of North Africa's geography?
It is hilly.
Name two diverse landscapes mentioned in the lecture.
Levantine and desert.
How did the Mediterranean geography aid agriculture?
The ease of access to the sea made agriculture easy.
What is maritime archaeology related to in the context of the Mediterranean?
The connection of diverse landscapes via the sea.
List three staples of Mediterranean food mentioned.
Olives, olive oil, and hummus.
What significant change occurred in the Mediterranean landscape around 8000 years ago?
Island shrinkage due to ice melting in the Holocene.
What Roman port did ancient Rome rely on?
The port of Ostia.
When was Rome founded?
753 BCE.
Which two civilizations influenced Roman culture, according to the lecture?
Greeks and Etruscans.
What was a major benefit of Roman seapower?
Access to resources from various regions.
What were two architectural innovations of the Romans?
Aqueducts and arches.
What is the term used to describe the virtual water resources in food production?
Virtual water (VW).
According to Dermody et al., what factors affect virtual water redistribution?
Political power and economic power.
What is Dermody et al.'s estimate of grain consumption per person per year in the Roman world?
200 kg of grain/person per year.
What agricultural practice was noted in the Roman period?
Fields were cropped continuously for two years followed by a fallow year.
How does land quality relate to agriculture in the lecture notes?
Land quality is better when flat.
What relationship did Romans have with their water networks?
They managed local water through dams and aqueducts.
What were two types of crops primarily focused on in Dermody et al.'s model?
Cereal crops, specifically wheat.
What notable risk is associated with virtual water redistribution in urban areas?
Overshooting ecohydrological carrying capacities.
How did the heterogeneity of the Mediterranean environment benefit the Romans?
It provided resilience to interannual climate variability.
