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Civil Rights Movement
A decades-long struggle by African Americans and allies to end racial discrimination and secure equal rights under the law throughout the United States.
Great Society
Lyndon B. Johnson's set of domestic programs aimed at eliminating poverty and racial injustice during the 1960s.
Voting Rights Act (1965)
Landmark legislation that prohibited racial discrimination in voting, signed into law by LBJ.
Space Race
The competition between the U.S. and the Soviet Union for supremacy in space exploration, significantly highlighted by the launch of Sputnik in 1957 and the moon landing in 1969.
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (1963)
An agreement between the U.S., Soviet Union, and other countries which prohibited all nuclear tests except underground tests.
Medicare
A federal health insurance program established in 1965 under LBJ's Great Society, providing coverage for individuals aged 65 and older.
Tear Down This Wall
A famous phrase from a speech delivered by Ronald Reagan in 1987 calling for the dismantling of the Berlin Wall, symbolizing the end of the Cold War.
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
A resolution passed in 1964 granting LBJ broad powers to conduct military operations in Vietnam without formal declaration of war.
Women’s Liberation Movement
A movement for gender equality that emerged in the 1960s, focusing on issues such as workplace equality, reproductive rights, and social justice.
Voting Rights Act of 1970
An extension of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, further protecting voting rights and reducing barriers for voters.
Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy
Robert F. Kennedy, the younger brother of JFK and a prominent political figure, was assassinated on June 5, 1968, shortly after delivering a victory speech in California.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Landmark legislation that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson.
Tet Offensive
A major escalation during the Vietnam War in January 1968, when North Vietnamese and Viet Cong forces launched surprise attacks across South Vietnam.
Nixon Doctrine
A foreign policy strategy introduced by President Richard Nixon, stating that the United States would support allies facing threats but would not commit ground troops.
Roe v. Wade
A landmark Supreme Court case decided in 1973 that recognized a woman's legal right to have an abortion under the constitutional right to privacy.
Watergate Scandal
A political scandal involving a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters and the subsequent cover-up by members of the Nixon administration.
Vietnam War
A conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from November 1, 1955, until the fall of Saigon on April 30, 1975, characterized by the U.S. military intervention to prevent the spread of communism.
Soviet Union Collapse
The dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991, marking the end of the Cold War and resulting in the independence of several former Soviet republics.
Brown v. Board of Education
A landmark Supreme Court case in 1954 that declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional, helping to ignite the Civil Rights Movement.
Montgomery Bus Boycott
A pivotal event in the Civil Rights Movement initiated by Rosa Parks's arrest in 1955, leading to a year-long boycott of the Montgomery bus system.
Vietnamization
A policy initiated by President Nixon aimed at reducing American involvement in the Vietnam War by transferring the responsibility for combat to South Vietnamese forces.
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT)
Negotiations between the U.S. and the Soviet Union in the 1970s aimed at curbing the arms race, resulting in agreements to limit nuclear weapons.
Desegregation of Schools
The process of eliminating racial segregation in schools, significantly impacted by the Brown v. Board of Education ruling.
The Stonewall Riots
A series of uprisings in June 1969 by members of the LGBTQ+ community against police raids at the Stonewall Inn in New York City, marking a pivotal moment in the modern LGBTQ+ rights movement.
Apollo Program
The NASA program that aimed to land humans on the Moon and safely return them to Earth, culminating in the Apollo 11 mission in 1969.
Counterculture Movement
A social movement in the 1960s that rejected conventional values and norms, often associated with protests against the Vietnam War and promoting peace and love.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
A U.S. government agency established in 1970 to protect human health and the environment by enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress.
Iran Hostage Crisis
A diplomatic standoff from November 1979 to January 1981, during which 52 American diplomats and citizens were held hostage at the U.S. Embassy in Tehran.
Détente
A period of eased relations between the United States and the Soviet Union during the 1960s and 1970s, characterized by increased diplomatic engagement and treaties.
Women's Rights Act of 1992
Legislation aimed at addressing gender discrimination and promoting equal rights for women in various sectors, continuing the progress made during the Women's Liberation Movement.
Civil Rights Act of 1965
An extension of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that aimed to eliminate barriers to voting for African Americans.
Free Speech Movement
A student-led protest at the University of California, Berkeley, in the 1960s advocating for the rights to political speech and academic freedom.
Stonewall Inn
A historic LGBTQ+ bar in New York City, known for being the site of the Stonewall Riots in 1969.
Environmental Movement
A social and political movement aimed at improving environmental protection and combating climate change, gaining momentum in the 1960s and 1970s.
No Child Left Behind Act
A federal law enacted in 2001 aimed at improving education standards and accountability in public schools.
Affirmative Action
Policies and programs that seek to improve opportunities for historically marginalized groups, particularly in education and employment.
Operation Rolling Thunder
A sustained bombing campaign conducted by the U.S. against North Vietnam from 1965 to 1968 during the Vietnam War.
Nixon's Visit to China
A historic diplomatic visit in 1972 aimed at re-establishing relations between the United States and the People's Republic of China.
Rise of Conservatism
A political shift in the late 20th century characterized by the emergence of conservative policies and leaders in response to liberal movements.
United Farm Workers (UFW)
A labor union founded in 1962 aimed at improving conditions for farm workers, led by activists like César Chávez.