(EJ)The+Election+of+JFK++Day+1+2018++-+Copy+[Autosaved]

John F. Kennedy (JFK)

The 35th President of the United States, serving from January 20, 1961, until his assassination on November 22, 1963.

Camelot

A term used to describe JFK's presidency, reflecting the era's optimism, potential, and the Kennedy family's glamorous image.

The New Frontier

JFK's domestic program aimed at addressing social issues, including education, poverty, and healthcare.

Peace Corps

A volunteer program created by JFK to provide assistance in developing countries, primarily focusing on education, health care, and agricultural development.

Equal Pay Act (1963)

Legislation signed by JFK that aimed to abolish wage disparity based on sex, affirming women's right to equal pay for equal work.

Reynolds v. Sims

A Supreme Court case ruling that established the principle of 'one person, one vote' by mandating equal representation in state legislative districting.

Miranda v. Arizona

A Supreme Court case that established the requirement for law enforcement to inform suspects of their rights to remain silent and to have an attorney present during interrogation.

Cuban Missile Crisis

A 13-day confrontation between the U.S. and the Soviet Union in October 1962 over Soviet ballistic missiles deployed in Cuba.

Bay of Pigs Invasion

A failed military invasion of Cuba undertaken by a CIA-sponsored paramilitary group on April 17, 1961, aimed at overthrowing Fidel Castro.

Flexible Response

JFK's foreign policy strategy that emphasized the need for a range of options, including conventional military force and diplomatic measures, to counteract communism.

Berlin Wall

A barrier that divided East and West Berlin from 1961 to 1989, symbolizing the Cold War division between communism and democracy.

The Warren Court

The U.S. Supreme Court during Earl Warren's tenure as Chief Justice, known for its liberal rulings on civil rights, voting rights, and personal freedoms.

Political Activism

The actions of individuals or groups who seek to effect change in the political system, often through protest or advocacy.

LBJ (Lyndon B. Johnson)

John F. Kennedy's vice president, who succeeded him after Kennedy's assassination and continued many of his policies.

JFK Assassination

The fatal shooting of President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas.

The Cold War

The period of geopolitical tension between the Soviet Union and the United States from the end of World War II until the early 1990s.

Earl Warren

The Chief Justice of the United States from 1953 to 1969, known for leading the Supreme Court through a period of significant and controversial rulings.

Civil Rights Movement

A decades-long struggle by African Americans and allies to end racial discrimination and secure equal rights under the law throughout the United States.

Great Society

Lyndon B. Johnson's set of domestic programs aimed at eliminating poverty and racial injustice during the 1960s.

Voting Rights Act (1965)

Landmark legislation that prohibited racial discrimination in voting, signed into law by LBJ.

Space Race

The competition between the U.S. and the Soviet Union for supremacy in space exploration, significantly highlighted by the launch of Sputnik in 1957 and the moon landing in 1969.

Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (1963)

An agreement between the U.S., Soviet Union, and other countries which prohibited all nuclear tests except underground tests.

Medicare

A federal health insurance program established in 1965 under LBJ's Great Society, providing coverage for individuals aged 65 and older.

Tear Down This Wall

A famous phrase from a speech delivered by Ronald Reagan in 1987 calling for the dismantling of the Berlin Wall, symbolizing the end of the Cold War.

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

A resolution passed in 1964 granting LBJ broad powers to conduct military operations in Vietnam without formal declaration of war.

Women’s Liberation Movement

A movement for gender equality that emerged in the 1960s, focusing on issues such as workplace equality, reproductive rights, and social justice.

Voting Rights Act of 1970

An extension of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, further protecting voting rights and reducing barriers for voters.

Assassination of Robert F. Kennedy

Robert F. Kennedy, the younger brother of JFK and a prominent political figure, was assassinated on June 5, 1968, shortly after delivering a victory speech in California.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Landmark legislation that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson.

Tet Offensive

A major escalation during the Vietnam War in January 1968, when North Vietnamese and Viet Cong forces launched surprise attacks across South Vietnam.

Nixon Doctrine

A foreign policy strategy introduced by President Richard Nixon, stating that the United States would support allies facing threats but would not commit ground troops.

Roe v. Wade

A landmark Supreme Court case decided in 1973 that recognized a woman's legal right to have an abortion under the constitutional right to privacy.

Watergate Scandal

A political scandal involving a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters and the subsequent cover-up by members of the Nixon administration.

Vietnam War

A conflict in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from November 1, 1955, until the fall of Saigon on April 30, 1975, characterized by the U.S. military intervention to prevent the spread of communism.

Soviet Union Collapse

The dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991, marking the end of the Cold War and resulting in the independence of several former Soviet republics.

Brown v. Board of Education

A landmark Supreme Court case in 1954 that declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional, helping to ignite the Civil Rights Movement.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

A pivotal event in the Civil Rights Movement initiated by Rosa Parks's arrest in 1955, leading to a year-long boycott of the Montgomery bus system.

Vietnamization

A policy initiated by President Nixon aimed at reducing American involvement in the Vietnam War by transferring the responsibility for combat to South Vietnamese forces.

Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT)

Negotiations between the U.S. and the Soviet Union in the 1970s aimed at curbing the arms race, resulting in agreements to limit nuclear weapons.

Desegregation of Schools

The process of eliminating racial segregation in schools, significantly impacted by the Brown v. Board of Education ruling.

The Stonewall Riots

A series of uprisings in June 1969 by members of the LGBTQ+ community against police raids at the Stonewall Inn in New York City, marking a pivotal moment in the modern LGBTQ+ rights movement.

Apollo Program

The NASA program that aimed to land humans on the Moon and safely return them to Earth, culminating in the Apollo 11 mission in 1969.

Counterculture Movement

A social movement in the 1960s that rejected conventional values and norms, often associated with protests against the Vietnam War and promoting peace and love.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

A U.S. government agency established in 1970 to protect human health and the environment by enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress.

Iran Hostage Crisis

A diplomatic standoff from November 1979 to January 1981, during which 52 American diplomats and citizens were held hostage at the U.S. Embassy in Tehran.

Détente

A period of eased relations between the United States and the Soviet Union during the 1960s and 1970s, characterized by increased diplomatic engagement and treaties.

Women's Rights Act of 1992

Legislation aimed at addressing gender discrimination and promoting equal rights for women in various sectors, continuing the progress made during the Women's Liberation Movement.

Civil Rights Act of 1965

An extension of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that aimed to eliminate barriers to voting for African Americans.

Free Speech Movement

A student-led protest at the University of California, Berkeley, in the 1960s advocating for the rights to political speech and academic freedom.

Stonewall Inn

A historic LGBTQ+ bar in New York City, known for being the site of the Stonewall Riots in 1969.

Environmental Movement

A social and political movement aimed at improving environmental protection and combating climate change, gaining momentum in the 1960s and 1970s.

No Child Left Behind Act

A federal law enacted in 2001 aimed at improving education standards and accountability in public schools.

Affirmative Action

Policies and programs that seek to improve opportunities for historically marginalized groups, particularly in education and employment.

Operation Rolling Thunder

A sustained bombing campaign conducted by the U.S. against North Vietnam from 1965 to 1968 during the Vietnam War.

Nixon's Visit to China

A historic diplomatic visit in 1972 aimed at re-establishing relations between the United States and the People's Republic of China.

Rise of Conservatism

A political shift in the late 20th century characterized by the emergence of conservative policies and leaders in response to liberal movements.

United Farm Workers (UFW)

A labor union founded in 1962 aimed at improving conditions for farm workers, led by activists like César Chávez.