Chapter 7: Long-Term Memory (LTM)

A series of flashcards based on Chapter 7 of the lecture, focusing on memory processes including long-term memory encoding, retrieval methods, and theories about memory retention.

Long-Term Memory (LTM)

The system of memory responsible for storing information over extended periods.

Maintenance Rehearsal

A process of repeatedly verbalizing or thinking about information to keep it active in working memory.

Elaborative Rehearsal

A method of memory retention that involves making meaningful connections between new information and existing knowledge.

Levels of Processing Theory

A theory that suggests deeper levels of processing result in better memory retention than shallow processing.

Shallow Processing

A level of processing that involves focusing on superficial characteristics of information, such as appearance.

Deep Processing

A cognitive processing level where attention is paid to the meaning of information, leading to better memory recall.

Self-Reference Effect

A phenomenon where individuals better remember information when they relate it to themselves.

Generation Effect

The improved memory retention that occurs when individuals generate or produce information themselves, rather than just reading it.

Contextual Retrieval Cues

Environmental or situational stimuli that aid in the recall of stored information.

Encoding Specificity

The principle that memory retrieval is most effective when the context of retrieval matches the context of encoding.

State-Dependent Learning

A type of retrieval that is improved when an individual's internal state during retrieval matches their state during encoding.

Reconsolidation

The process of retrieving memories and updating them, potentially altering their content.

Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)

A lasting increase in synaptic strength following high-frequency stimulation of a synapse, associated with memory formation.

Retrograde Amnesia

Loss of memory for events prior to a brain injury.

Consolidation

The process by which newly formed memories become stable and long-lasting.

Testing Effect

The enhanced ability to remember information due to being tested on it.