15.2 Evidence for Evolution Main Lecture

Law of Superposition

Undisturbed Rock Layers have oldest layers at the bottom

Succession of Forms

Structures in older organisms become more elaborate in more modern ones

Principle of Fossil Succession

Fossils succeed one another in a determinable order

Fossil Succession and Time Periods

Recognizable by their fossil contents.

Homologous Structures

Structures on different organisms that share the same structure but not purposes.

Analogous Structures

Structures sharing the same purpose but different structures

Vestigal Structures

Structures obsoleted through evolutionary history

Similarities in Embryology

Early embryos across all major animal kingdoms have pharyngeal arches and tails

Molecular Evidence Shared by all Organisms

DNA and genetic code, Glycolysis, Lipid bilayer of cell membrane, Ribosomes and Protein synthesis, and ATP

Macromolecular Similarities

Species that have similar macromolecules are more closely related.

Macromolecular Similarities and Scientists

Scientists use this to confirm evolutionary histories from fossils and anatomy, and affirming organisms evolving from earlier ones.

Imperfection of Adaptation

The various forms of structures that demonstrate evolution’s many methods to solve a problem.

Intermediate Species

Species that two or more species descend from; the “parent” of these species.