Learn: AP US History - Time Period 1 | Quizlet

Christopher Columbus

Italian navigator who "discovered" the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506)

Francisco Pizarro

Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima (1475-1541).

Isabella of Castile

Queen of Spain who gave Columbus the ships and sailors to sail to the new world

Montezuma

Powerful Aztec monarch who fell to Spanish conquerors

Malintzin (Dona Marina)

A Mayan woman who spoke both Maya and Nahuatl (Aztec language); used by Cortes as a translator

Hernan Cortes

Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)

Ferdinand of Aragon

Along with Isabella of Castile, monarch of largest Christian kingdoms in Iberia; marriage to Isabella created united Spain; responsible for reconquest of Granada, initiation of exploration of New World.

Charles V of Spain and Austria

Convened the Debates of Vallladolid

Astrolabe

An instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets

tribute

Money paid by one country to another in return for protection

Missionaries

a person sent on a religious mission, especially one sent to promote Christianity in a foreign country.

Feudalism

A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land

Conquistador

A Spanish conqueror of the Americas

Encomienda

A grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it

Mission System

The colonial system devised by the Spanish to control the Indian population, forcing them to convert to Catholicism and work the land.

Pueblo Revolt

1680, revolt of indigenous laborers led by shaman named Pope'. killed colonists and priests and got Spanish out of modern-day New Mexico for 12 years

Renaissance

"rebirth"; following the Middle Ages, a movement that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome

Atlantic World

A pattern of exchange between Western Europe, Western Africa, North and South America, and the Caribbean. Made it easier to get goods from foreign places.

Franciscans

A religious order founded by St. Francis and based on simplicity and poverty

Maya

Mesoamerican civilization concentrated in Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula and in Guatemala and Honduras but never unified into a single empire. Major contributions were in mathematics, astronomy, and development of the calendar.

Aztecs

Ancient civilization (1200-1521 CE) that was located in what is present-day Mexico City

Mariners

people who navigate ships such as sailors

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.

Requerimiento

A pseudo-legal decree read to natives by Spaniards in the early period of exploration and conquest, commanding them to submit to the Christian God and the King of Spain or else be warred upon.

Tenochtitlan

Capital of the Aztec Empire, located on an island in Lake Texcoco. Its population was about 150,000 on the eve of Spanish conquest. Mexico City was constructed on its ruins.

Caravel

A small, highly maneuverable three-masted ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in the exploration of the Atlantic.

Spanish Caste System

1. Spaniards

2. Mestizos- mix of Spanish and native American

3. Mulatto- Europe an and African

4. Zambo- African and Native American

Horticulture

Cultivation of crops carried out with simple hand tools such as digging sticks or hoes.

Incas

Ancient civilization (1200-1500AD) that was located in the Andes in Peru

Inquisition

A Roman Catholic tribunal for investigating and prosecuting charges of heresy - especially the one active in Spain during the 1400s.

Capitalism

An economic system based on private ownership of capital

staple crops

crops that are continuously in demand

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