unit 5 apush

I'm gonna cry who let me cram all of this last minute

preemption acts

Made land for homestead cheap and affordable to push citizens West

election of 1844

James K Polk, believed in Manifest Destiny wanted to add Texas/Oregon

• Texas still belonged to Mexico, Mexico decreed U.S must convert to Catholicism and banned slavery

• Mexico later shut down immigration

• Revolted against Mexican gov

• Mexicans won

battle of San jacinto

San Huston fought Mexicans and won, making Texas independent but Mexico did not accept the independence

•  Jackson said no to annexation in fear of war

oregon territory

Both Britain and U.S wanted it

• Polk pushed through annexation of Texas and Oregon territory

John sidell

Went to Mexico after annexation, asked for more land, tried to settle Southern Border

rio grande

Polk sent troops to meet Mexicans at American land(Rio Grande)

• Polk wanted war

treaty of guadalupe

End of Mexican-American War + more land for U.S

• Rio Grande was Southern border

• Mexican Cession, California and New Mexico for 15 mil as NEW STATES(tipped balance in Senate towards free state)

• All Mexicans would be granted U.S citizenship but Indians would not

gadsden purchase

Land purchased under Arizona next to New Mexico

wilmot provisio

David Wilmot made proviso that any land gained from Mexican-American war wouldn't allow slavery

• Voted down because believed in Free Soil, economic reason, additional land without competition from system  of slavery

compromise of 1950

Henry Clay proposed Mexican Cession territories would practice popular sovereignty, Cali as free states, slave trade banned in Washigton D.C, and stricter Fugitive Slave Law

john brown

Believed slave uprising was only way to get rid of slavery

• Wanted Raid at Harpers ferry to steal weapons to rebel

• Southerns saw raid as race war where whites would suffer

kansas-nebraska act of 1854

Land was above 36 30 line(no slavery) but Stephen Douglas proposed territory be divided into two parts where popular sovereignty would be used over issue of slavery

• Congress overturned Missouri Compromise

• Violence in Kansas=Bleeding Kansas over issue of slavery, illegal votes by Missuori for slavery 

• Two rival legislation in Kansas, President Pierce recognized pro-slavery government as legitimate and anti-slavery as fraud

dredd Scott v. us

Scott sued for freedom, Taney said slaves had no right to sue and constitution cannot deprive citizen of property and slave owners can take slave anywhere

whig party position

Divided over Kansas-Nebraska Act, Cotton Whigs(Pro-slavery) and Conscience Whigs(Anti-Slavery)

republican party of 1854

Under party was Nativists, Abolitionist, Free Soil, Conscience Whigs

-Argued slavery should not spread

- Southern democrats saw party as threat

election of 1860

Democrats nominated Stephen Douglass(Kansas-Nebraska) and Republicans nominated Lincoln(free soil)

• Lincoln wanted to stop spread not abolish 

• 1860 South Carolina seceded from Union over threat that North would dominate politically and John Brown Raid

democrat fractions

Northern Democrats(Stephen Douglass) wanted popular sovereignty and Southern(John Brekinridge) Territories after becoming states could decide by popular sovereignty and until then protected under Federal Slave Code

civil war tactics

South fought defensive, greater military generals. The North had a larger army and navy and economic advantage. 

• South introduced war tax

draft riots

North Riots as draft could be ignored with payment, working class revolted

fort sumter

Federal possession in South Carolina, SC cut off supplies to fort, Lincoln sent provisions to troops, SC destroyed supplies

battle of bull run

Union troops confronted Confederate troops at Bull Creek

• Confederates won under Stonewall Jackson

southern strategy

Relied on foreign help from Britain and France at first

• Foreign countries relied heavily on cotton (King cotton) but discovered cotton in Egypt

battle of vicksburg

Union gained control of Mississippi River and cut Confed in half

• Sent General Sherman to capture Atlanta(burned it)

march to the sea

Sherman army marched to Savannah and destroyed South

appomattox court house 1865

General Lee and Grant, end of war

lincoln ten-percent plan

Established minimum test of loyalty for Southern states to return to union

• Could reestablish their state government if 10% pledged loyalty to the Union 

• State legislature had to ratify 13th Amendment which abolished slavery

andrew Johnson impact

Reunited North and South however allowed Black Codes

radical republicans

Wanted reconstruction to be led by Congress, not Johnson, wanted to pass legislation to extend rights and suppress Southern resurgence

• After vetoes of Johnson, established ⅔ majority to override vetoes and pass laws

• Proposed 14th amendment in which all people born in U.S are citizens

civil rights act of 1866

Protected citizenship of black people and gave them equal protection under laws

• Vetoed by Johnson

reconstruction acts of 1867

All laws passed in South would be enforced and increased requirement for Southern states to rejoin Union

• South divided and occupied by federal troops

• States must add provision for universal man voting rights

tenure of office act

Made it illegal for president to fire member of cabinet without congressional approval

• Johnson fired member anyways

• Senate failed to boot out Johnson

election of 1867

Samuel Hilden and Rutherford Hayes, end of reconstruction, neither won electoral votes

• 3 states, both Democrats and Republicans claimed victory

• Electoral commission formed, mostly Republicans, which declared states for Hayes

• Democrats threatened to block inauguration and Compromise of 1877 was made

compromise of 1877

Democrats would concede election to Hayes but federal troops had to be removed from South

• End of reconstruction