Civil Engineering and Architecture EOC Study Guide

Romanesque

architectural style characterized by heavy solid walls and rounded arhces

Baroque

architectural style that features ornamentation and dramatic use of light

marble and limestone

the two construction materials primarily used in ancient Greek buildings

small

historical buildings have this type of window and amount of natural light

large

modern buildings often incorporate this size of glass windows and amount of natural light

arch

the invention of this Roman architectural structure allowed for taller and stronger structures in modern architecture

steel and iron

these two materials allowed for lighter, stronger frames capable of supporting taller skyscrapers

symmetry

this principle is applied in classical architecture by ensuring both sides of a structure are mirror images of each other

proportion

this element plays a role in modern public space design by creating harmony between the scale of elements in a room or building

civil engineer

the position responsible for designing and overseeing construction of roads and bridges and focusing on the technical aspects of structure and infrastructure

architects

they focus on the artistic and functional design of buildings

civil engineer license

in order to earn this one must receive a bachelor’s degree in civil engineering and pass a professional exam

architect license

in order to earn this one must earn a backelor’s degree in architecture, complete an internship, and pass exams

structural engineer

this person ensures the building can support the required loads and forces

transportation

an engineer who contributes to the development of highways and railways by analyzing and planning the structure, traffic flow, and safety of transportation systems

structural integrity

this is the priority of a civil engineer working on a bridge design

pipeline systems

civil engineers contribute to this development by planning, designing, and overseeing the construction of pipelines for water, gas, or energy

design charrette

a collaborative workshop where all stakeholders provide input early in the design process, clarify project goals, and agree on key decisions

load-bearing walls

walls in a residential framing system that provide structural support for floors and the roof

gable

the roof type most commonly used in areas with heavy snowfall

hip

the roof type characterized by four sloping sides meeting at a ridge

steel

this material for framing has a higher load-bearing capacity than wood

bamboo

a renewable resource with a lower environmental impact used in residential construction

auto-scaling

an important feature of architectural design software that ensures accurate measurements of walls and windows

slab foundation

multiply the length, width, and depth of the foundation to calculate the amount of concrete needed for this kind of foundation

cost

the volume of concrete and the unit cost per cubic yard are necessary to estimate this characteristic of concrete for a foundation

heat loss

area x temperature difference / resistance =

thicker

this type of insulation and material will reduce heat loss

open floor plan

incorporating columns and beams to allow for a large, uninterrupted space

client

the budget, design preferences, and site conditions are provided by this person

solar orientation

this strategy contributes to energy efficiency in residential buildings by orienting the building to maximize natural heating from the sun

floor plan

sketch including room dimensions, walls, windows, and doors and showing the proportions and layout of rooms helping to identify circulation paths and flow

site analysis

process that evaluates environmental, soil, and topographical conditions that may affect the building by considering soil conditions, slope, and drainage

foundation

determined based on the type of soil, the local climate, and local building codes

construction drawings

the set of drawings including floor plans, elevations, sections, details, and site plans that ensure the project stays within scope and complies with regulations

building codes

such as the IBC and NEC they set guidelines for materials and design for safety, accessibility, and structural integrity

Americans with Disabilities Act

legislation that mandates that buildings provide accessible features like ramps and elevators for individuals with disabilities

land use regulations

guidelines that regulate the height of buildings and ensure they blend with the surrounding environment

zoning regulations

residnetial or commercial guidelines that determine where specific types of buildings can be constructed

raised floor

a system in commercial buildings that allows for easier access to plumbing and electrical systems

steel frame

a wall system that is durable but more expensive than wood frmaing

structural efficiency

the ability of a building to minimize material usage while maintaining safety and stability

architectural design software

the tool that allows for easy adjustments and visualizing different design alternatives when modeling a small commercial building

shallow

the kind of foundation typically used for smaller buildings

deep

the kind of foundation required for large or heavily loaded structures

slab-on-grade

the type of foundation preferred for commercial buildings in areas with high water tables

dead load

the weight of the structure itself calculated by adding the weight of the structural framing and flooring materials

live load

moving or changing loads such as people or furniture

wind load

the load that must be factored into the design of walls, roof, and openings to ensure the building can withstand forces exerted by wind

snow load

the load the ensure that the roof can support the additional weight during snowstorms and avoid structural failure

beam

the material strength, load-bearing capacity, and span all need to be considered when designing this structural element

span

calculated by multiplying the bream’s material strength and the load it supports

occupancy

this classification influences the choice of materials based on fire safety and load requirements

plumbing

the system in commercial buildings that must meet minimum standards for water supply, drainage, and venting to ensure health and safety

electrical

this type of code ensures safety in the wiring systems of a commercial building by regulating the voltage of systems to prevent hazards like short circuits and fires

HVAC

the system in commercial buildings that ensure proper ventilation by confirming the installation of ventilation equipment such as air handling units ductwork, and return air systems

plumbing

the category of construction documents that include detailed pipe sizes, water pressure requirements, and the placement of valves and drains

electrical

the category of construction documents that include detailed circuit diagrams, panel schedules, and load calculations

HVAC

the category of construction documents that include specification for air handling units, ductwork design, vents, and airflow calculations

surveying equipment

this type of equipment is utilized in the creation of a site plan for a commercial building in order to measure the exact location of property boundaries, topography, and utilities

laser levels

surveying equipment used for leveling when site planning

GPS

surveying equipment used for site planning and determining geographical coordinates

soil testing

a process that ensures the building’s foundation will be stable and appropriate for the soil conditions

stormwater

reulations set standards for managing the runoff of this factor

legal property description

documentation used to determine the boundaries of a commercial property by reviewing a map and using coordinates and metes and bounds from the legal description

property survey

documentation that provides the exact measurements of a property’s boundaries/lines

zoning ordinances

documentation that helps ensure that a building’s design meets the local requirements for lan use, size, height, and parking

local building codes

documentation that sets requirements for structural safety, materials, and energy efficiency

Gantt chart

a schedule tool used to track project timelines and tasks

construction drawings

all of the drawings including enevations, floor plans, sections, and detail drawings that illustrate the building’s design and construction requirements

3D models

images that help to visualize a design in three dimensions which makes it easier to understand the scale and relationships of spaces