NU321 (Exam 1): Contemporary Issues

Percent of unplanned pregnancies in the US

50%

barriers to care

cost

- lack of insurance

- high cost of care

- insurance not accepted

transportation

- no car

- rural areas

prenatal care

associated with better outcome for mom and baby, we do early risk assessment and health promotion behaviors

Cesarean birth US rate

32.8%

Cesarean birth: Healthy People 2030 Goal - First Time Moms

23.6% is goal

(currently 26.3%)

Cesarean birth: Healthy People 2020 Goal - Moms with hx of cesarean

81.7%

VBAC

vaginal birth after cesarean

Early Discharge - Legislation

- vaginal delivery insurance covers 2 day stay

- cesarean delivery insurance covers 3 day stay

Family and Medical Leave Act

1993; 12 weeks of unpaid leave

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

number of deaths of infants per 1,000 live births

US infant mortality rates

1950: 29.2

1990: 9.2

2021: 5.4

Healthy People 2030 goal: 5.0

Back to Sleep campaign

recommendation for all healthy babies to be placed on their backs to sleep

- decreases risk of SIDS

Safe to Sleep

- ABCs (alone, back, crib)

- no blankets/stuffed animals/bumpers

African American populations

- more preterm births

- more low birth weight births

US Infant Mortality

- US rates 31st among developed countries

- higher infant mortality rates in male infants

Infant Mortality

2 million babies die in the world in their first 24 hours of life

Infant Mortality: Causes

- congenital abnormalities

- preterm/low birth weight

- SIDS

- problems r/t complications of pregnancy

- Respiratory Distress Syndrome

- injuries (ex. suffocation)

Maternal Mortality

number of maternal deaths per 100,000 live births r/t pregnancy, labor and up to 42 days postpartum

Maternal Mortality & Prenatal Care

*women are 3-4 times more likely to die if they did not receive prenatal care*

Maternal Mortality: Healthy People 2030 Goal

15.7

Maternal Mortality: Causes

- mental health conditions (#1 postpartum complication)

- hemorrhage

- cardiac and coronary conditions

- infection

- embolism/thrombotic

- cardiomyopathy

- HTN disorders of pregnancy

- Amniotic Fluid embolism

- injury

- CVA

- cancer

- metabolic/endocrine conditions

- pulmonary conditions

what are the major causes of maternal mortality?

failure to recognize & failure to rescue

preventing maternal mortality

80% of deaths thought to be preventable

what is code system to identify missing child

code pink

what percentage of the population uses complementary and alternative therapies?

40%