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Genetic Engineering
The direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology.
Biotechnology
The exploitation of biological processes for industrial and other purposes, especially genetic manipulation of microorganisms.
Artificial Selection
The process of indirectly manipulating genes by selecting organisms with desirable traits to breed.
Selective Breeding
Mating animals with desired characteristics to produce offspring with those traits.
Hybridization
The crossing of two individuals with unlike characteristics to produce offspring with desirable traits.
Inbreeding
The technique of breeding genetically similar organisms to maintain desired traits.
Recombinant DNA
DNA that is made by mixing DNA from two different sources.
Restriction Enzymes
Enzymes discovered in 1968 used to splice DNA by cutting and joining nucleotides.
Transgenic Organism
An organism whose genes have been altered by the transfer of a gene or genes from another species.
Bioethics
The study of ethical issues arising from advances in biology and medicine.
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)
Organisms that have been genetically altered, often to enhance resistance to pests or improve yield.
Insulin Gene
The gene extracted from human cells used to produce human insulin in bacteria for diabetes treatment.
