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12 Terms

1

Genetic Engineering

The direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology.

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2

Biotechnology

The exploitation of biological processes for industrial and other purposes, especially genetic manipulation of microorganisms.

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3

Artificial Selection

The process of indirectly manipulating genes by selecting organisms with desirable traits to breed.

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4

Selective Breeding

Mating animals with desired characteristics to produce offspring with those traits.

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5

Hybridization

The crossing of two individuals with unlike characteristics to produce offspring with desirable traits.

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6

Inbreeding

The technique of breeding genetically similar organisms to maintain desired traits.

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7

Recombinant DNA

DNA that is made by mixing DNA from two different sources.

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8

Restriction Enzymes

Enzymes discovered in 1968 used to splice DNA by cutting and joining nucleotides.

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9

Transgenic Organism

An organism whose genes have been altered by the transfer of a gene or genes from another species.

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10

Bioethics

The study of ethical issues arising from advances in biology and medicine.

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11

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)

Organisms that have been genetically altered, often to enhance resistance to pests or improve yield.

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12

Insulin Gene

The gene extracted from human cells used to produce human insulin in bacteria for diabetes treatment.

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