protein synthesis
0.0(0)
Studied by 1 person
View linked note
Call Kai
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards
Knowt PlayCard Sorting
1/19
Earn XP
Description and Tags
Last updated 9:00 AM on 3/18/25
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced | Call with Kai |
|---|
No analytics yet
Send a link to your students to track their progress
20 Terms
1
New cards
Transcription
The process by which messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized from a DNA template.
2
New cards
RNA polymerase
An enzyme that catalyzes the transcription process by binding to the DNA template.
3
New cards
Codon
A sequence of three consecutive nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule that codes for a specific amino acid.
4
New cards
Anticodon
A sequence of three consecutive nucleotides in a tRNA molecule that is complementary to a codon in an mRNA.
5
New cards
Degeneracy
The feature of the genetic code where multiple codons code for the same amino acid, reducing the impact of mutations.
6
New cards
Universality
The principle that all organisms use the same codons and anticodons for the same amino acids.
7
New cards
Translation
The synthesis of polypeptides from mRNA in the cytoplasm, translating the base sequence into an amino acid sequence.
8
New cards
Post-transcriptional modification
The changes that mRNA undergoes after transcription, including capping, polyadenylation, and splicing.
9
New cards
Alternative splicing
The process by which different combinations of exons are spliced together, allowing one gene to code for multiple proteins.
10
New cards
Proteasome
A complex responsible for degrading and recycling misfolded or damaged proteins.
11
New cards
5' to 3' directionality
The direction in which RNA polymerase synthesizes mRNA and ribosomes translate mRNA.
12
New cards
Peptide bond
The bond formed between amino acids during protein synthesis.
13
New cards
Mutations
Changes in the DNA sequence that can lead to altered proteins and potentially result in diseases such as sickle cell anemia.
14
New cards
Hydrogen bonding in transcription
The pairing of adenine (A) with uracil (U) and cytosine (C) with guanine (G) to ensure accurate RNA synthesis.
15
New cards
Ribosome
The molecular machine that facilitates the translation of mRNA into a polypeptide chain.
16
New cards
mRNA
Messenger RNA that carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
17
New cards
tRNA
Transfer RNA that brings amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the coded mRNA sequence.
18
New cards
Promoter
A DNA sequence that is recognized by RNA polymerase to initiate transcription.
19
New cards
Template strand
The DNA strand that is used as a guide for RNA synthesis during transcription.
20
New cards
Nucleus
The cellular structure that contains the genetic material and is the site of transcription in eukaryotic cells.
Flashcards (345)