ADOLESCENTs | Midterm

What is the age range generally defined as adolescence?

Adolescence is generally defined as the period between 13 and 18 or 20 years.

What are the three periods of adolescence?

The three periods are early (13-14 years), middle (15-16 years), and late (17-20 years).

What nursing diagnosis is related to low self-esteem in adolescents?

Low self-esteem related to facial acne.

What is a common nursing diagnosis related to peer pressure in adolescents?

Risk for injury related to peer pressure to use alcohol and drugs.

Why is including adolescents in planning important?

Including adolescents in planning ensures the plan is agreeable and accepted.

What is an effective strategy for teaching adolescents about health risks?

Teaching should be geared toward specific, short-term benefits.

How should tasks be approached when working with adolescents?

Adolescents do poorly with tasks they are simply told to do; they should be helped to plan tasks.

What should be evaluated in the outcome evaluation for adolescents?

Evaluation should include whether desired outcomes have been achieved and if adolescents are pleased with their success.

What is a significant milestone of development in adolescence?

The onset of puberty occurs at 9 to 12 years of age.

At what age does body growth typically cease for girls?

Body growth in girls typically ceases at 16 to 20 years.

How much do boys typically grow during adolescence?

Boys grow about 4 to 12 inches in height and gain about 15 to 65 pounds.

What physiological change occurs to the pulse rate during adolescence?

The pulse rate decreases slightly to about 70 beats per minute.

What is the typical age range for the onset of puberty?

Puberty typically occurs between ages 11 and 14.

What changes occur in males during the 13-15 year age range?

Growth spurt continues, pubic hair becomes abundant and curly, and facial hair appears.

What is the significance of the age of first menstruation in girls?

The age of first menstruation is gradually decreasing, likely due to increased weight gain.

What developmental change occurs in adolescents' teeth?

Adolescents gain their second molars at about 13 years and third molars between 18 and 21 years.

What is gynecomastia and when may it occur in males?

Gynecomastia is the enlargement of breast tissue that may fade by ages 16-17.

What are the ratings for breast development in females during adolescence?

Rating 2: Breast buds appear; Rating 3: Entire breast enlarges; Rating 4: Areola forms a secondary mound; Rating 5: Adult breast configuration.

What does Rating 1 indicate in male genital development?

Rating 1 indicates prepubertal status with no pubic hair and unchanged genitalia.

What physical changes occur during Rating 2 of male puberty?

Light, downy hair develops, and the penis, testes, and scrotum may be slightly larger.

What are the characteristics of Rating 3 in male puberty?

Pubic hair extends, and the testes and scrotum are further enlarged, with the penis larger, especially in length.

What defines Rating 4 in male puberty?

More abundant and curling pubic hair, genitalia resemble an adult's, and the scrotum is darker.

What signifies Rating 5 in male puberty?

Adult quantity and pattern of pubic hair, hair along the inner thighs, and adult-sized testes and scrotum.

How does recreation change during adolescence?

Recreation shifts from active games to adult forms like listening to music, chatting online, or following sports.

What role do parents play in adolescent sports participation?

Parents should encourage sports for health and companionship, but overuse injuries can occur if limits are not respected.

What are the four main areas adolescents explore to achieve a sense of identity?

Accepting body image changes, establishing a value system, making career decisions, and becoming emancipated from parents.

What can happen if adolescents do not achieve a sense of identity?

They may develop a sense of role confusion.

How does self-esteem change during adolescence?

Self-esteem may fluctuate due to changes in body image, emotional focus, and social relationships.

What is the relationship between trust developed in infancy and adolescent intimacy?

The ability to form intimate relationships is strongly correlated with the sense of trust developed in infancy.

What are some common health problems faced by adolescents?

Hypertension, poor posture, body piercing and tattoos, fatigue, menstrual irregularities, acne, obesity, and concerns regarding sexuality.

What are the risks associated with substance abuse in adolescents?

Substance abuse can lead to addiction and long-term health problems; open communication and clear boundaries are essential.

What management strategies are effective for obesity in adolescents?

Management involves a balanced diet and regular exercise.

What is the significance of asthma in adolescent health?

Asthma is a leading cause of hospital visits and school absences; management includes an action plan and avoiding triggers.

What are the key components of a holistic approach to adolescent health management?

Open communication, healthy habits, regular check-ups, limited screen time, and a supportive environment.

What is the role of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in managing anxiety disorders in adolescents?

CBT helps address excessive and persistent worry or fear.

What are the symptoms of depression in adolescents?

Persistent feelings of hopelessness, worthlessness, loss of interest, irritability, and physical symptoms.

What is ADHD, and how is it typically treated in adolescents?

ADHD is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, treated with behavioral therapy, educational support, and medication.

What are the potential consequences of risky behaviors in adolescents?

Injuries from accidents or risky behaviors are leading causes of injury and death; prevention is key.

What is the importance of part-time jobs for adolescents?

Part-time jobs can teach responsibility and provide satisfying interaction.

How can adolescents develop their values?

Values are often developed through discussions with peers.

What is the significance of emancipation from parents during adolescence?

Emancipation can be a major issue, as some parents may struggle with their child's independence.

What are the health promotion topics for adolescents?

Promoting adolescent safety, nutritional health, daily activities, and healthy family functioning.