CHAPTER 4 —> Culture

culture

common set of beliefs, attitudes, norms, and values

habit

a repetitive action of an individual

custom

a repetitive action of a group

________ refers to the totality of customs of a group

Culture

A ______ is typically not adopted by the group

habit

folk culture

small, homogenous groups in rural, isolated areas

popular culture

larger, heterogenous societies that share certain habits

____ cultural landscapes experience relatively slow change

Folk

_______ cultural landscapes experience more rapid change in appearance

Popular

____ culture originates within a hearth - usually anonymously

Folk

_____ culture originates from the economically developed countries

Popular

Pop culture innovations are oriented around _____ ________

leisure time

Folk music is composed _______ and transmitted through _________

anonymously; oral tradition

Popular music is written by _______ individuals for mass sale to large public audience and requires a high degree of ________ skill

specific; technical

Pop musicians around the world write and perform in ______

English

assimilation

a group of people acquire characteristics of another group

_____ cultures create boundaries against ______ culture

Folk; pop

cultural appropriation

where non-cultural members privatize cultural knowledge for personal gain

culture rebound

the re-adoption by later generations of identifying cultural traits

neolocalism

folk cultural revival to face uncertainty of modern world

commodification

when customs, knowledge, or names of a culture are used by outsiders for profit

What is placelessness?

loss of uniqueness of place; localities look like the next

What kind of diffusion did sports take part in?

hierarchical

___________ factors determine the food preferences of a group

Environmental

Food avoidance is connected to ______ social qualities

undesirable

Folk housing building materials are influenced by ______ resources.

available

_______ and _______ are the most common building materials globally.

Wood; brick

______ is the preferred building material because it is easier to build with.

Wood

House form might reflect ______ values.

religious

___________ roofs are important in wet or snowy climates.

Pitched

In hot climates, windows may be __________.

smaller

_______ facing windows take advantage of the sun's heat/light.

Southern

What are the 3 major housing nodes?

New England, Middle Atlantic, Lower Chesapeake

What are the 4 New England housing types?

Saltbox, Two-Chimney, Cape Cod, Front Gable & Wing

What type of house is found in the Middle Atlantic?

the "I" house

What is the most common Lower Chesapeake style?

Tidewater

After WWII, houses had a more "_________ style"

modern

In the 1960's, houses were "______"

neo-eclectic

The __________ house encourage urban sprawl by taking up a larger lot.

Ranch Style

The invention of the TV led to the creation of the __________ house.

split-level

Clothing in popular culture denotes __________, not environment.

occupation

In popular culture, women's clothes change style ______ and the wealthy may change their wardrobe _________.

rapidly; frequently

In the late 1960's, jeans became a symbol of ________ and ___________.

youth; independence

Members of popular culture consume large amounts of _________ and ___________.

alcohol; snack foods

Patterns of popular food consumption reflect ______ production patterns.

local

_________ affects alcohol consumption.

Religion

___________ is a significant popular custom.

Watching TV

The most important leisure activity in the developed world is ___________.

watching television

The most important mechanism through which knowledge is spread is the _________.

television

__________ is viewed as an important tool for cultural integration.

Television

___________ could cause a loss of folk culture and an abandonment of traditional values.

Globalization

globalization

the expansion of economic, political, and cultural processes to the point that they become global in scale and impact

Exported Western values are undermining traditional __________.

gender roles

Legal equality is widely __________, which is threatening to more traditional societies.

accepted

Popular culture views women at home as _________, but as objects that money can buy in folk societies.

equal

imperialism

to be dominated by another country through ideas

_______ culture is typically imposed on the environment.

Popular

__________ is to be modified to serve leisure or sell a commodity.

Environment

__________ culture has a negative impact on the environment.

Popular

guest worker

legal immigrant who has a work visa; usually short term

Acculturation

the adoption of the behavior patterns of the surrounding culture

Ethnocentrism

Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group.

cultural relativism

the practice of judging a culture by its own standards

Assimilation

the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another

Syncretism

a blending of beliefs and practices from different religions into one faith