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Motor neuron in somatic division
PNS neurons receive CNS output information and carry signals to muscles
Muscles fascicles(tissues)
bundles of muscle tissue held together by connective tissue
Muscle fiber(cell)
multinucleate, long cells packed with cylindrical fibers
Sarcomere
actin(cytoskeleton)+myosin(motor proteins)
Each myofiber(muscle cell) is controlled by ____ motor neuron. But ___ motor neuron can control many muscle cells
one, one
What does motor neurons release at the neuromuscular junction via exocytosis
acetylcholine
First step in sliding filament mechanism
release of Ca2+ from reticula allows for binding between myosin and actin
2nd step in sliding filament mechanism
myosin heads, with bound ADP + P, attach to the actin filament
3rd step in siding filament mechanism
working stroke- myosin heads bend and pull on the actin filament, sliding it toward the middle of the sarcomere
Step 4 in sliding filament mechanism
a new ATP attaches to the myosin head, causing the head to detach from actin
Step 5 in sliding filament mechanism
as ATP is split into ADP + P which transfers energy. This energy is used to cock the myosin head in preparation for another movement
Atrophy
wasting away of muscles breakdown of myofibril content and lack of myofibril production
Hypertrophy
the more stress placed on muscle fibers, the more they will adapt by increasing their myofibril content
Slow twitch
a small diameter fiber cells that can contract incrementally for a relatively long time
Aerobic training
builds muscle cell endurance but does not increase muscle size
Fast twitch
large diameter fibers, split ATP rapidly for short bursts of concentration
Strength conditioning
exercises that strengthen muscles by making them work harder
High concentration of slow twitch
lean body type, aerobically inclined, can eat a lot and not cain weight
Balanced concentration
athletic body type, aerobically and anaerobically inclined, can put on fat easily
High concentration of fast twitch
aerobically unfit, greater strength, trouble lowering weight even with diet and exercise.