Bio 3.4

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20 Terms

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Motor neuron in somatic division

PNS neurons receive CNS output information and carry signals to muscles

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Muscles fascicles(tissues)

bundles of muscle tissue held together by connective tissue

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Muscle fiber(cell)

multinucleate, long cells packed with cylindrical fibers

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Sarcomere

actin(cytoskeleton)+myosin(motor proteins)

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Each myofiber(muscle cell) is controlled by ____ motor neuron. But ___ motor neuron can control many muscle cells

one, one

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What does motor neurons release at the neuromuscular junction via exocytosis

acetylcholine

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First step in sliding filament mechanism

release of Ca2+ from reticula allows for binding between myosin and actin

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2nd step in sliding filament mechanism

myosin heads, with bound ADP + P, attach to the actin filament

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3rd step in siding filament mechanism

working stroke- myosin heads bend and pull on the actin filament, sliding it toward the middle of the sarcomere

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Step 4 in sliding filament mechanism

a new ATP attaches to the myosin head, causing the head to detach from actin

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Step 5 in sliding filament mechanism

as ATP is split into ADP + P which transfers energy. This energy is used to cock the myosin head in preparation for another movement

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Atrophy

wasting away of muscles breakdown of myofibril content and lack of myofibril production

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Hypertrophy

the more stress placed on muscle fibers, the more they will adapt by increasing their myofibril content

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Slow twitch

a small diameter fiber cells that can contract incrementally for a relatively long time

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Aerobic training

builds muscle cell endurance but does not increase muscle size

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Fast twitch

large diameter fibers, split ATP rapidly for short bursts of concentration

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Strength conditioning

exercises that strengthen muscles by making them work harder

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High concentration of slow twitch

lean body type, aerobically inclined, can eat a lot and not cain weight

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Balanced concentration

athletic body type, aerobically and anaerobically inclined, can put on fat easily

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High concentration of fast twitch

aerobically unfit, greater strength, trouble lowering weight even with diet and exercise.