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Comparative Anatomy
The study of and comparison of body parts of different species
Comparative Anatomy
Is the study of anatomical structures and evolutionary relationships.
Comparative Anatomy
Indicates that various organisms share a common ancestor.
Homologous Structures
Structures with similar structure, but different functions
Analog ous structures
Have different anatomies but similar function
Analog ous structures
These are seen on organisms that are not necessarily closely related, but live in similar environments and have similar adaptations
Vestigial structures
Anatomical remnants that were important in the organism’s ancestors, but are not longer used in the same way
Adaptation
Genetic and physiological changes that occur due to pressures or changes in an animals environment
Adaptation
The process or the state of adjusting or changing to become more suited to an environment
Adaptation
the trait as a result of the process.
Forelimb
Webbed foot
Front feet
Adaptation Changes
Phylogeny
inheritance
Evolution
modification and inheritance
convergence
found in distantly related groups; evolved independently.
parallelism
found in closely related groups; evolved independently
independent evolution/convergence
unrelated groups
Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778):
species unchanged; used characters to group organisms
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck (1744-1829):
progressive change of characters (and species) dictated by use or disuse
Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913):
survival of the fittest
Charles Darwin (1809-1882
survival of the fittest, tree of life
Georges Cuvier (1769-1832)
form and function/comparative methods/species immutable
Richard Owen (1804-1892
archetypes/homology
Preadaptation
structures evolve not with a purpose, but with a 'potential'
Remodeling
evolution is not about inventing new things, it is mainly about switching/alteration
ontogeny
from fertilisation, to death of individuals
embryology
from fertilization to birth, hatching
fertilisation
the union of sperm and egg
cleavage
cell division
biogenetic law
ancestor's form reappears in the ontogeny of descedents
von Baer's law
the resemblance between embryos of ancestors and descendents.
