Pharmacology Chapters 17, 18, and 19

antipruritics

substance that controls itching

antiseborrheic drugs

substance that treats seborrhea by counteracting abnormal flaking and/or scaling of the outermost layer of the epidermis

astringents

agent that constricts tissues

caustics

substance that destroys tissue

counterirritants

substance that produces irritation and inflammation in areas of chronic inflammation

dressings

substance applied to an area to draw out fluid or relieve itching

immunomodulators

drugs that modify the response of the immune system by either increasing (immunostimulation) or decreasing (immunosuppression) the production of antibodies (either immunostimulatory or immunosuppressive)

keratolytics

substance that removes excess keratin and promotes loosening of the outer layers of the epidermis

pruritus

itching

retinoids

substance that stimulates cellular mitotic activity, increases cell turnover, and decreases the cohesiveness of follicular epithelial cells

seborrhea

a skin condition characterized by abnormal flaking and/or scaling of the outermost layer of the epidermis; also called seborrheic dermatitis

seborrhea oleosa

seborrhea with increased production of sebum (oil)

seborrhea sicca

seborrhea with decreased production of sebum (oil)

soaks

substance applied to an area to draw out fluid or relieve itching

alpha-adrenergic agonists

drugs that selectively stimulate alpha-adrenergic receptors. The alpha-adrenergic receptor has two subclasses a1 and a2

beta-adrenergic blockers

drug that inhibits the activity at beta-adrenergic receptors, decreasing sympathetic activity; also called beta-blocker and beta-adrenergic blocker

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs)

category of drugs that interfere with the production of carbonic acid, which leads to decreased aqueous humor formation

ceruminolytic agent

substance that removes debris and wax before treatment with topical otic medications and aids in wax removal by flushing of the ear with a bulb syringe or tubing; also called dewaxing agent

cycloplegics

drug that paralyzes the ciliary muscles of the eye and minimizes pain due to ciliary spasm

drying agents

product that reduces moisture (usually used for the ear)

glaucoma

group of diseases characterized by increased intraocular pressure

immunomodulating drugs

drug that adjusts the immune response to the desired level

keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS)

disease in which tear production is decreased, resulting in persistent mucopurulent conjunctivitis and corneal scarring and ulceration; also known as dry eye

lacrimogenics

drug that increases tear production

miotics

drug that constricts the pupil

mydriatics

drug that dilates the pupil

osmotic diuretics

drugs that consist of large molecules that have limited capability of being reabsorbed into the blood from the kidney tubule, resulting in large amounts of fluid lost through urine

otitis externa

outer ear infection

otitis interna

inner ear infection

otitis media

middle ear infection

colloids

fluids with large molecules that enhance the oncotic pressure of blood, causing fluid to move from the interstitial and intracellular spaces into the vascular spaces; also referred to as colloid solution

crystalloids

sodium-based electrolyte solution or solution of glucose in water that has a composition similar to that of plasma fluid; also referred to as crystalloids

extracellular fluid

fluid found in the intravascular and interstitial spaces

fluid overload

a condition in which more fluid is going into the animal than is coming out of the animal

hypertonic

having a greater concentration or number of solute particles to what it is compared to

hypotonic

having a lesser concentration or number of solute particles to what it is compared to

intracellular fluid

fluid within the cell

isotonic

having osmolality the same as blood and extracellular water

maintenance fluid

fluid volume needed to replace body water lost by the animal on a daily basis via normal body functions

oncotic pressure

osmotic pressure exerted by colloids in a solution (basically it is the pressure exerted by the plasma proteins)

ongoing fluid losses

fluid needed to replace body water lost through vomiting and diarrhea

osmolality

concentration of a solution in terms of number of dissolved particles (regardless of their size) per kilogram of solvent

osmotic pressure

the ability of solute (particles) to attract water (causing osmosis); the pressure or force that develops when two solutions of different concentrations are separated by a selectively permeable membrane

pediatric administration sets

device consisting of a set of tubing, drip chamber, and clamp used to administer fluid that typically delivers 60 drops per milliliter

rehydration

fluid volume used to correct body water loss due to dehydration

tonicity

a property based on an osmolality; describes the amount of solutes in a solution