CSP Review

Collaboration

Working together to achieve a common goal, often used in software development to enhance creativity and efficiency.

Computing Innovation

A new technology or process that uses a computer program to input, process, and output data.

Collaboration Tools

Software that enables students and teachers to share resources effectively while working on tasks.

Peer Instruction

Method where students work in pairs or groups to discuss concepts and solve problems together.

Syntax Error

An error that occurs when the rules of a programming language are not followed.

Runtime Error

An error that occurs during the execution of a program that causes it to stop running.

Logic Error

A mistake that causes a program to behave incorrectly or produce unexpected results.

Overflow Error

An error that occurs when a computation exceeds the maximum limit of the data type.

Debugging

The process of finding and fixing errors in a program.

Binary Numbers

The numerical representation of data using only two digits: 0 and 1.

Bit

The smallest unit of information, representing a state of either 0 or 1.

Data Compression

The process of reducing the size of data to save space or bandwidth.

Lossless Compression

Compression that allows the original data to be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data.

Lossy Compression

Compression that results in a loss of quality, where the original data cannot be perfectly reconstructed.

Data Extraction

The process of retrieving data from databases for analysis or use.

Algorithms

A set of instructions or steps to solve a specific problem or perform a task.

Data Abstraction

The concept of hiding the complex realities of data from the user.

Variable

A placeholder for a value that can change during program execution.

String

A sequence of characters used to represent text in programming.

Assignment Statement

A statement that assigns a value to a variable using the assignment operator.

Boolean Values

Values that can only be true or false, commonly used in programming logic.

Sequential Statements

Statements in a program that are executed one after another in order.

Selection Statements

Conditional statements that execute different code based on whether a condition is true or false.

Iterative Statements

Statements that repeat a section of code multiple times based on a condition.

Nested Conditionals

Conditionals that exist within other conditionals, allowing for complex decision-making.

Linear Search

A method for searching data by checking each element in a list sequentially.

Binary Search

An efficient searching method that requires sorted data, dividing the dataset in half.

Procedures

Defined sections of code that can be called and executed when needed.

Parameters

Values passed to a procedure to make it flexible and adaptable.

Return Statement

A statement used to end a procedure and optionally send a value back to the calling program.

Cybersecurity

The practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks.

Encryption

The process of converting data into a coded format to prevent unauthorized access.

Public Key Encryption

A type of encryption where a public key is used to encrypt data, which can only be decrypted by a corresponding private key.

Digital Divide

The gap between individuals who have access to modern information and communication technology and those who do not.

Cloud Computing

The practice of using a network of remote servers to store, manage, and process data.

Crowdsourcing

The practice of engaging a group of people for a common task or for solving a problem, often via the internet.

Open-Source Software

Software whose source code is available for modification and redistribution by anyone.

Data Mining

The practice of analyzing large amounts of data to discover patterns or insights.

Scalability

The capability of a system to handle a growing amount of work efficiently.

Fault Tolerance

The ability of a system to continue functioning despite failures or errors.

Algorithm Efficiency

A metric that measures the computational resources a given algorithm requires, focusing on time and space.

Heuristic Approach

A practical method not guaranteed to be optimal but sufficient for reaching an immediate goal.

Simulation Modeling

The use of models to replicate the behavior of systems for analysis and prediction.

APIs

Application Programming Interfaces; they allow different software applications to communicate with each other.

Random Number Generator

A program that generates a sequence of numbers that cannot be reasonably predicted.

Personal Data

Information that can identify an individual, such as name, address, and other identifying attributes.

Digital Footprint

The trail of data you leave behind when using the internet.

Malware

Malicious software designed to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to computer systems.

Phishing

A technique used to obtain sensitive information by masquerading as a trustworthy source.

What is the output of the following code snippet?

var x = 5;
var y = 10;
console.log(x > 3 && y < 20);

True

Explanation: The code checks if x is greater than 3 AND y is less than 20. Since both conditions are true, the output is True.

What is the output of the following code snippet?

var x = 15;
if (x > 10) {
    console.log("Greater than 10");
} else {
    console.log("Less than or equal to 10");
}

Greater than 10

Explanation: The code checks if x is greater than 10. Since x is 15, which is greater than 10, it prints "Greater than 10".

What is the output of the following code snippet?

var i = 0;
while (i < 5) {
    console.log(i);
    i++;
}

0

1

2

3

4

Explanation: The while loop prints the value of i as long as i is less than 5. i increments by 1 in each iteration.

What is the output of the following code snippet?

for (let num in [2, 3, 4, 5]) {
  console.log(num);
}

0

1

2

3

Explanation: The for...in loop iterates through the indices of the array. Thus, it prints 0, 1, 2, and 3. If you want the values you need a for...of loop

What is the output of the following code snippet?

function add(x, y) {
  return x + y;
}
console.log(add(2, 3));

5

Explanation: The function add returns the sum of its two arguments. add(2, 3) returns 5, which is then printed to the console.

What is the output of the following code snippet?

var str = "Hello";
console.log(str.charAt(1));

e

Explanation: charAt(1) returns the character at index 1 in the string str, which is 'e'.

What is the output of the following code snippet?

let a = 10;
let b = '10';
console.log(a == b)

true

Explanation: the == operator check for equal value only

What is the output of the following code snippet?

let a = 10;
let b = '10';
console.log(a === b)

false

Explanation: the === operator check for equal value and equal type