AGRI 22 - Poultry Breeding and Hatching

Breed

Established group of birds having same

general appearances, weight and common

characteristics.

Variety

It is a sub-division of a breed, distinguished

either by a color pattern, shape, comb type or feather

pattern. For Example : Single Comb Leghorn, Rose

Comb Leghorn

Strain

A group of birds within a variety that has been

bred by one person or firm for some time and has

more or less uniform characteristics and capabilities.

Chromosomes

A structure containing a complete strand of

DNA. Function in the transmission of

hereditary material from one generation to the next.

Typically come in pairs, with one set donated

from the mother and one from the father. Humans have 23 pairs . Chickens have 39 pairs.

Genotype

The genetic makeup of an organism.

Phenotype

The observable physical or biochemical

characteristics of an organism resulting from its genotype.

Examples of aspects of a chicken's _______ include body

shape, feather color, eye color, comb type, and so on.

Dominant factors

A gene that can express itself in the

homozygous state or the heterozygous

state is referred to as a ____ _____

Recessive factor

A gene that can express itself only in the

homozygous state is referred to as a ____ ____

Asiatic
Mediterranean
English
American

Standard classification of poultry breeds
Based on Origin

Meat
Egg
Dual
Fancy
Fighting

Standard classification of poultry breeds
Based on Utilization

Meat type

lay less eggs and heavy in body weight

Egg type

Lay big eggs and are not heavy in body weight

Dual purpose

lay more egg and heavy in body weight

Inbreeding

breeding for increased homozygosity

It is defined as mating between individuals which are more closely related to each other than the

average relationship between all individuals in a

population.

Outbreeding

breeding for increased heterozygosity

This is the opposite of inbreeding in the sense that the relationship of the individuals which are mated is less close than the average relationship within the population.

Close inbreeding

Mating between sibs and parents and progeny. Full sib mating and back crossing of the progeny to the younger of the parents are often practiced.

Strain formation

Developing a small group of animals within a breed and variety with a special character in view. This is a mild form of inbreeding. For example Babcock strain of Single Comb White Leghorn developed to lay heavier eggs.

Line breeding

This is inbreeding with an ancestral line and is the most

intensive form of back-crossing.

Four-way cross

What type of Cross

Upgrading

Different breed types have been crossed to produce the local

or native breeds of farm animals so as to combine desirable

traits from many sources.

Itik Pinass (IP)

A genetically superior breeder duck called _______  was

developed in a project conducted by the Philippine Council for

Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources Research and

Development of the Department of Science and Technology

(DOST-PCAARRD) and the National Swine and Poultry Research and

Development Center of the Bureau of Animal Industry (BAI-NSPRDC).

Pateros duck

IP was a product of continuous selection and breeding of the

traditional _________

Mating

is defined as the pairing of a male and a female for

the purpose of reproduction or production of young ones.

Hatchery

responsible for the incubation

and hatching of chicks from fertile eggs

obtained from broiler breeders.

38C

Eggs initially need a very controlled heat input to

maintain the optimum temperature of ___,

because the embryo is microscopic in size.

18

As the embryo grows in size (especially after __

days), it produces more heat than it requires and

may even need cooling.

60 to 80%

Moisture levels of __ __% Relative Humidity

(increasing during the incubation period) are

important to stop excess moisture loss from the

egg contents through the porous egg shell and

membranes.

True

Lower relative humidity for ostrich eggs because it is thicker than chicken and eggs (true or false)

Turning of Eggs

To improve embryonic development.

Turned by tilting the trays at an angle of 45

deg.on each side.

Done 4-6 times within the day.

Candling

To determine if an egg is fertilized or not.

Determine the soundness and quality of

eggs.

Day 4-5, Day 12-13 and Day 18 of incubation

Hen-day egg production

Hen-housed egg production

Mortality Rate

Fertility Rate

Measurement of the

efficiency of the

BREEDER FARM &

HATCHERY

Hatchability Rate

Measurement of the

efficiency of the

BREEDER FARM &

HATCHERY

Hatch of fertile

Measurement of the

efficiency of the

HATCHERY

Embryonic Mortality Rate

Hatching eggs recovery rate