motion, work, and energy

direction

the line or path along which something moves (north, east, etc.)

magnitude

the size or amount of a measurement (1km, 15 minutes, etc.)

scalar

(no direction) 10cm, 1 hour, 60 k/h

vector

(with direction) walk east at 4 km/h, 10 km (E)

distance (m)

how far something travels (scalar)

displacement (m)

straight line distance and direction (vector)

position

the location of an object relative to a reference point (vector)

time (t)

the duration of motion (scalar)

work

work is the change in energy of an object

W = force (n) x distance (m)

W: Work (Joules, J) f: Force (Newtons, n) d: Distance (Meters, m)

weight/force

force is the push or pull on an object that can change its motion, shape, or direction

Fg = m x g

Fg: Weight (N) m: Mass (kg) g: acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s²)

power

power is the rate of change in energy

P = W / t W = P x t t = W / P

P: Power (Watts, W) W: Work (J) t: Time (s)

energy

Energy = Work (E = W): Joules, J

potential energy

potential energy is the energy that is stored in an object

PE = mgh

PE: Potential Energy (J) m: Mass (kg) g: Gravity (9.8 m/s²) h: Height (m)

kinetic energy

Kinetic energy is the energy an object has due to motion. We measure how fast an object is moving by its velocity.

velocity

has direction (vector)

speed

has magnitude (scalar)

Ek = 0.5 mv2

KE: Kinetic Energy (J) m: Mass (kg) v: velocity (m/s)